We describe a method and device ( 1.2 g) for recording, processing and storing data about activity and location of individuals of free-living songbirds throughout the annual cycle. Activity level was determined every five minutes from five 100 ms samples of accelerometer data with 5 s between the sampling events. Activity levels were stored on an hourly basis throughout the annual cycle, allow...

The prognostic tendency (PT) correction method is applied in an attempt to reduce systematic errors in coupled GCM seasonal forecasts. The PT method computes the systematic initial tendency error (SITE) of the coupled model and subtracts it from the discrete prognostic equations. In this study, the PT correction is applied only to the three-dimensional ocean temperature. The SITE is computed by...

evapotranspiration is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle which is directly influenced by atmospheric conditions. this study investigated annual and seasonal trends in reference evapotranspiration (et0) and its key influencing climatic variables during 1966-2005 at 10 stations in southern iran (with centrality of fars province). first, multivariate regression analysis...

Molt is a major component of the annual cycle of birds, the timing and extent of which can affect body condition, survival, and future reproductive success through carry-over effects. The way in which molt is fitted into the annual cycle seems to be a somewhat neglected area which is both of interest and of importance. Study of the causes of annual variation in the timing of molt and its potent...

4 The vast majority of variability in the instrumental surface temperature record is at annual 5 frequencies. Systematic changes in the yearly Fourier component of surface temperature 6 have been observed since the mid-20th century, including a shift towards earlier seasonal 7 transitions over land. Here it is shown that the variability in the amplitude and phase of 8 the annual cycle of surfac...

In many real systems in which a state variable should be controlled for being in appropriate range, the length of control (review) intervals is taken to be constant. In such systems, when the cost of reviews and out-of-range values of the state variable are considerable, this method may not be optimal. In this paper we let the length of review intervals to be variable during each operating cycl...

Global warming due to greenhouse effect is expected to cause major changes in climate of some regions. The change of climate is likely to have a profound effect on hydrological cycle. Evapotranspiration (ET, as the major component of hydrological cycle, will affect crop water requirement and future planning and management of water resources. This study was conducted to investigate climate chang...

We present evidence that the El Niño phenomenon intensifies the annual cycle of malaria cases for Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum in endemic areas of Colombia as a consequence of concomitant anomalies in the normal annual cycle of temperature and precipitation. We used simultaneous analyses of both variables at both timescales, as well as correlation and power spectral analyses of de...

• According to the trend data from the last four cycles of the Transition Home Survey (THS), in 2003/04 total annual admissions of women and children declined 7% over the previous survey cycle and have decreased 11% since 1997/98. However, these declines are due largely to drops in the annual admission of children to shelters, which decreased 12% from 2001/02, and 21% from 1997/98. Annual admis...