Mitochondrial protein translation requires interactions between transfer RNAs encoded by the mitochondrial genome (mt-tRNAs) and mitochondrial aminoacyl tRNA synthetase proteins (mt-aaRS) encoded by the nuclear genome. It has been argued that animal mt-tRNAs have higher deleterious substitution rates relative to their nuclear-encoded counterparts, the cytoplasmic tRNAs (cyt-tRNAs). This dynamic...

The effect of mulberry leaf tea (MT) on texture, microstructure, starch retrogradation, and antioxidant capacity rice noodles was investigated. Addition MT powder at 5 to 25% increased protein, fiber, noodles. presence phenolic compounds in enhanced firmness elongation noodles, while fiber disrupted the noodle resulting lower high concentration. kept for 7 days 4°C had total content times highe...

introduction: effects of melatonin (mt) were comparatively examined on melanophores of isolated skin in adults and tadpole’s tailfin of a frog rana cyanophlyctis. mt is generally considered as a potent melanophores aggregating hormone besides regulating the sleep wake cycle in vertebrates. methods: melanophore size index (msi) was chosen as a recording parameter of the responses. concentration-...

Mutations in the TMPRSS6 gene are associated with severe iron-refractory iron deficiency anemia resulting from an overexpression of hepcidin, the key regulator of iron homeostasis. The matriptase (MT)-2 protein (encoded by the TMPRSS6 gene) regulates hepcidin expression by cleaving hemojuvelin [HJV/hemochromatosis type 2 (HFE2)], a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) coreceptor in the hepcidin reg...

We previously showed that inhibition of the mevalonate pathway in C. elegans causes inhibition of protein prenylation, developmental arrest and lethality. We also showed that constitutive activation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, UPR(mt), is an effective way for C. elegans to become resistant to the negative effects of mevalonate pathway inhibition. This was an important findin...

In 1957, protein rich in cysteine able to bind cadmium was isolated from horse kidney and named as metallothionein according to its structural properties. Further, this protein and metallothionein-like proteins have been found in tissues of other animal species, yeasts, fungi and plants. MT is as a potential cancer marker in the focus of interest, and its properties, functions, and behavior und...

Root hairs emerge from epidermal root cells (trichoblasts) and differentiate by highly localized tip growth. Microtubules (MTs) are essential for establishing and maintaining the growth polarity of root hairs. The current knowledge about the configuration of the MT cytoskeleton during root hair development is largely based on experiments on fixed material, and reorganization and in vivo dynamic...

The obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis deploys virulence effectors to subvert host cell functions enabling its replication within a specialized membrane-bound compartment termed an inclusion. The control of the host cytoskeleton is crucial for Chlamydia uptake, inclusion biogenesis and cell exit. Here, we demonstrate how a Chlamydia effector rearranges the microtubu...

The effects of heavy metals (Zn 2+ , Cu 2+ , and/or Cd 2+ ) on Escherichia coli expressing either prion (hPrP C ) or metallothionein 3 (MT-3) brain proteins capable of binding these metals were investigated. The expression of hPrP C or MT-3 in E.coli was confirmed using western-blot and dot-blot methods. After analyzing growth curves, we found that bacteria expressing prion protein better toler...