Bi-directional transplacental trafficking occurs routinely during the course of normal pregnancy, from fetus to mother and from mother to fetus. In addition to a variety of cell-free substances, it is now well recognized that some cells are also exchanged. Microchimerism refers to a small number of cells (or DNA) harbored by one individual that originated in a genetically different individual. ...

Domain-specific languages can be embedded in a variety of ways within a host language. The choice of embedding approach entails significant tradeoffs in the usability of the embedded DSL. We argue embedding DSLs naturally within the host language results in the best experience for end users of the DSL. A naturally embedded DSL is one that uses natural syntax, static semantics, and dynamic seman...

(1) a. He is a teacher (agent) b. He is a fire-fighter c. This is a grinder (instrument) d. This is a can-opener e. Anger is a great defuser of pent-up emotions (causer) f. Education is a leveller of class differences g. He is a holder of a Visa or Master card (holder) h. He is a bearer of heavy burden i. He is an admirer of the Greek poets (experiencer) j. He is a lover of French cuisine k. He...

A simple model to accomodate light sterile neutrinos naturally with large mixing with the usual neutrinos has been proposed. The standard model gauge group is extended to include an SU(2)S gauge symmetry. Heavy triplet higgs scalars give small masses to the lefthanded neutrinos, while a heavy doublet higgs scalar give mixing with the sterile neutrinos of the same order of magnitude. The neutrin...

Chiral surfaces are of growing importance as a result of their potential for use in enantioselective chemical processes. By far the most widely used and commonly studied chiral surfaces are those prepared by templating of achiral surface with chiral organic ligands. It is possible, however, to prepare naturally chiral surfaces by a number of means. This paper describes the various types of chir...

Methods for handling uncertainty should be evaluated in terms of their cognitive compatibility with real-world decision makers. Bayesian models of uncertainty demand precise up-front assessments of all problem elements and discourage the dynamic evolution of problem understanding. They handle missing or conflicting data by mathematical aggregation, while realworld decision makers regard gaps in...

Doctors are generally the first port of call for teenagers and young women suffering from PCOS. Their initial reason for consulting the GP is usually not PCOS as such, but acne, hairiness or weight gain which may be more upsetting than irregular periods. The Treatment of PCOS In issue 10 Jane presented Part 1 in which she discussed possible causes of PCOS. In Part 2 she focuses on the range of ...

We introduce quantitative usability and security models to guide the design of password management schemes — systematic strategies to help users create and remember multiple passwords. In the same way that security proofs in cryptography are based on complexity-theoretic assumptions (e.g., hardness of factoring and discrete logarithm), we quantify usability by introducing usability assumptions....