presently, conflict rules have gone beyond inflexible and purposeless physical connection factors and have approached instrumentalism and economic functions.  this evolution defined as rule utilitarianism in conflict of laws and determination of applicable law to product liability in rome ii regulations in this manner.  protection of consumers in this category has been said to be the foundation...

parents’ authority in support and education of theirchildren should be used only to protect their best interests.therefore if protection of child’s safety, health oreducation so requires, this authority may be limited orwithdrawn from the parents. in imami jurisprudence,iranian law and french law, welfare of the child is themain factor governing the support and education of thechild. each of th...

in thelight of historical and economic circumstances of 1960s, dominant paradigm in international development law was essentially relayed on economic development. but gradually by international efforts and issuing brountland report, the conception of sustainable development came up in context of international law; the conception that by avoiding of mere consideration of economic development and...

the principle of tort law is that the liability is based on the act prejudicial that in iranian law in conformity with the article 1 of tort law code and in french law in conformity with the article 1382 of civil code, this act must be guilty. the harmful act in determining responsible in tort law is necessary. if the chain of causes of action for compensation for damaging responsible is a pers...

in case a legal system is faced with a question which has contacts with other legal systems and it’s conflict of law rules determine a foreign law as applicable law, application of this foreign law may be confronted with several problems such as impossibility to prove foreign law, inexistence of process or authority determined by foreign law and un-reasonability of the application of foreign la...

the second law of thermodynamic (entropy principle) is of special theo-philosophical importance. it seems that this law, which is renowned as “the death of software design” and despite the order in the world, is like an incompatible universal. this article examines the concept of entropy in the three temperature, statistic, and information applications and addresses the contradiction of the sec...

About 110 years ago, Iran experienced a revolution, which was known to be an attempt for development and modernization. The revolutionary roots had been established by new-coming social forces named as intellectuals. Since studying the past highlights the future, the necessity of intellectuals’ discourse as well as understanding their discourse strategies on the road to development and modernit...

Although the word “love” appears less frequently in the Qur‟an than in the Bible, Love is a cornerstone of both Islam and Christianity. As the Bible and the Qur‟an agree on many things, why then do Muslims and Christians perceive each other so differently and so often misunderstand each other? Such a question, of course, deserves an in-depth, multi-faceted answer; however, we...