BACKGROUND After its introduction, laparoscopic cholecystectomy rapidly expanded around the world and was accepted the procedure of choice by consensus. However, analysis of evidence shows no difference regarding primary outcome measures between laparoscopic and small-incision cholecystectomy. In absence of clear clinical benefit it may be interesting to focus on the resource use associated wit...

Background HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis (TB) are major contributors to the burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The two diseases have been described as a harmful synergy as they are biologically and epidemiologically linked. Control of TB/HIV co-infection is an integral and most challenging part of both national TB and national HIV control programmes, especially in contexts of instability wher...

BACKGROUND The individual and societal burden of hand eczema is high. Literature indicates that moderate to severe hand eczema is a disease with a poor prognosis. Many patients are hampered in their daily activities, including work. High costs are related to high medical consumption, productivity loss and sick leave. Usual care is suboptimal, due to a lack of optimal instruction and coordinatio...

CONTEXT Although Colombia partially liberalized its abortion law in 2006, many abortions continue to occur outside the law and result in complications. Assessing the costs to the health care system of safe, legal abortions and of treating complications of unsafe, illegal abortions has important policy implications. METHODS The Post-Abortion Care Costing Methodology was used to produce estimat...

PURPOSE This study estimates the socioeconomic cost and burden for breast cancer patients in Korea between 2007 and 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a prevalence-based approach to estimate the cost of breast cancer. Breast cancer patients were defined as those who were hospitalized or have visited an outpatient clinic during the period from 2007 to 2010. The socioeconomic costs of ...

today, the complexity of urban issues has led many variables to be influential in site selection that and the importance and value of each criterion in each region should be considered. the aim of this study was to determine and prioritize site selection criteria of sport facilities by ahp for equal access. research method was descriptive-survey and application. library resources and a question...

BACKGROUND Little research has been conducted into the cost and prevention of self-harm in the workplace. AIMS To quantify the economic cost of self-harm and suicide among New South Wales (NSW) construction industry (CI) workers and to examine the potential economic impact of implementing Mates in Construction (MIC). METHOD Direct and indirect costs were estimated. Effectiveness was measure...

Computer -generated holograms (CGHs) are used in a number of important optical technology application areas such as holographic optical elements, optical processing and computing, optical testing, image and information display, beam forming, and beam scanning. Many different CGH fabrication devices (e.g., laser beam scanners, electron beam writers) and facilities have been developed and are in ...