The largest minimum weight of a self-dual doubly-even binary (n, k, d) code is d = 4bn/24c+ 4. Of such codes with length divisible by 24, the Golay Code is the only (24, 12, 8) code, the Extended Quadratic Residue Code is the only known (48, 24, 12) code, and there is no known (72, 36, 16) code. One may partition the search for a (48, 24, 12) self-dual doubly-even code into 3 cases. A previous ...

I. Introduction Without systems of public, external symbols for recording information, nonliterate communities have to rely on human memory for the retention and transmission of cultural knowledge. Religious expressions either evolved in directions that rendered them memorable or they were-quite literally-forgotten. Most religious systems, including all of the great world religions, emerged amo...

Fasting is one of the important religious practices of Muslims, in which the individuals abstain from eating and drinking from dawn to sunset. Fasting is not obligatory or even not allowed, in case it causes health problems to the fasting individual. Rheumatic diseases are a major group of chronic diseases which can bring about numerous problems while fasting. The aim of this article is to revi...

INTRODUCTION A growing research literature associates various religious factors with positive mental and physical health, and even suggests that aspects of religious involvement may reduce mortality risk (for reviews, see Ellison, 1994; Koenig, 1994; Levin, 1994). Although there is wealth of evidence that religious institutions continue to play important social and political roles in the Africa...

OBJECTIVES Religious involvement in old age appears to remain quite stable until the very end of life, reflecting patterns established earlier in life. Are there differences in quality of life (QOL) for those who are religiously involved in that last year compared with those who are not? METHODS We studied 499 elderly persons participating in ongoing annual interviews who died in the 12 month...

Religious secularity and Islam have not often been considered in the West as comfortable bedfellows, yet Islamic revolution Iran 1979 questioned assumptions about appropriateness of separate spheres for religion politics. However, within a decade revolution, theoretical intellectual shifts were visible Iranian seminaries, alternative views doctrine velāyat-e faqih (guardianship jurists) which t...

Priming with race-typed names and religious concepts have been shown to activate stereotypes and increase prejudice towards out-groups. We examined the effects of name and religious word priming on views of a specific and well-known person, President Barack Obama. We predicted that politically conservative participants primed with President Obama's middle name (Hussein) would rate him more nega...

Is it possible to talk about God without either misrepresentation or failing to assert anything of significance? The article begins by reviewing how, in attempting to answer this question, traditional theories of religious language have failed to sidestep both potential pitfalls adequately. After arguing that recently developed theories of metaphor seem better able to shed light on the nature o...