Right now employment of polices and tools to decrease the carbon emission through electricity generation from renewable resources is one of the most important problem in energy policy. Tradable Green Certificate (TGC) is an economics mechanism to support green power generation. Any country has the challenge to choose an appropriate policy and mechanism for design and implementation of TGC. The ...

Carbon dioxide emissions abatement in a group of countries can result in increased emissions in non-abating countries. This effect has been referred to as carbon leakage. The Kyoto Protocol calls for a number of industrialized countries to limit their emissions while other countries have no abatement commitments. This paper assesses the sectoral and regional determinants of the leakage in a sta...

We estimate CO2 implicitly contained in traded commodities based on the GTAP 7 data: While net carbon imports into the industrialized countries amount to 15% of their total emissions, net carbon exports of the developing countries amount to 12% of their total emissions, and net carbon exports of China amount to 24% of China's total emissions. We also analyze policies under a global per capita e...

W political leaders in the European Union, Canada, Australia, Japan, and the U.S. Congress move toward cap-and-trade systems as their preferred approach for achieving meaningful reductions in emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, there is a lively debate among economists, many of whom have been critical of the cap-and-trade approach in the climate context and have endorsed carbon taxes i...

This paper constructs a continuous dual-channel closed-loop supply chain (DCLSC) model with delayed decision under government intervention. The existence conditions of the local stability of the equilibrium point are discussed. We analyze the influence of delay parameters, the adjustment speed of wholesale price, recovery rate of waste products, direct price, carbon quota subsidy, and carbon ta...

the corporate income tax rate plays a worthwhile role in developing fiscal and tax policies for companies, lawmakers and analysts. so, one of the most important issues in tax field, is to determine effective tax rates. the study and scientific calculations of the effective tax rates provide an enhanced tax justice and a careful study of tax pressure on taxpayers would be possible. the objective...

Studies that focus on the effect that carbon reducing policies would have on agriculture have revealed a strong connection between carbon emissions and irrigation. In light of the recent debate about how to regulate the use of the Ogallala Aquifer by landowners on the Texas High Plains, this connection poses an interesting question. Could water conservation be realized through carbon policy? Th...