the perform type of the monopoly enterprises are diversified, which is caused due to combined action of multiple effects. The interactive performance between “gene type” and environment of the monopoly enterprises is one critical part. Accurate definition can assist to speed up expected benefits of the monopoly enterprises’ reform and construct the salary incentive mechanism of the monopoly ent...

The electricity industry has particular characteristics that create barriers to its successful commercialization. Electrical energy is instantaneously transmitted from generators to end-use equipment according to physical laws rather than commercial contracts. Any blueprint for commercialization must be compatible with these characteristics. The main commercial activities in a restructured elec...

BACKGROUND Goal-oriented communication of risk of hazards is necessary in order to reduce risk of workers' exposure to chemicals. Adequate training of workers and enterprise priority setting are essential elements. Cleaning enterprises have many challenges and the existing paradigms influence the risk levels of these enterprises. METHODS Information on organization and enterprises' prioritiza...

Enterprises cooperate more extensively with other enterprises in various forms. To enable the cooperation of multiple organizations in supply chains or virtual enterprises, configuration and set-up tools need to define the relations between partnering enterprises. In the one-of-a-kind industry, enterprises collaborate within a Virtual Enterprise (VE). For the definition of relationships among p...

Enterprise information systems, such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), have often been criticized for their rigidity. Alternatively, global, matrixed enterprises often follow a federated information systems approach. The first type of enterprises, which we call the standardized enterprises, lack flexibility, while the second type, which we call decentralized enterprises, lack visibility. T...

background: today, the growth of major industries depends on their appropriate interaction with small and medium enterprises (smes). in iran, smes have 49 or fewer employees. the present study was an attempt to present an overall view of the condition of professional health and safety in such industries in order to gain information regarding activities related to occupational health and safety....

This paper evaluates performance differences between government owned, mixed sector and private sector enterprises in India for the period 1973–1974 to 1988–1989. The results establish that enterprises owned by the central government and state governments are less efficient than mixed or private sector enterprises, while mixed sector enterprises are less efficient than those in the private sect...

Abstract Under the management pattern of enterprises group sales, how to assign all market orders reasonably and optimally within member enterprises is one of the important aspects that enterprises group has to study. On the basis of summary of the order allocation principles of enterprises group, a multi-objective optimization model is established to rationally allocate the order, maximize the...

This study aims to propose three evaluation methods to evaluate the Tokyo Cap and Trade Program when emissions trading is performed virtually among enterprises, focusing on carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the only emitted greenhouse gas that tends to increase. The first method clarifies the optimum reduction rate for the highest cost benefit, the second discusses emissions trading among enterpri...

The use of Information Technology is often seen to enable people in underserved communities to achieve the benefits of globalization. In particular, micro-enterprises stand to benefit the most by using IT to achieve better access to new markets, knowledge and information and enable their businesses to become more competitive. While various researchers have conducted studies on the effects of IT...