abstract. natural populations of carpinus orientalis mill. shrub lands occur mainly in high and middle altitudes of the hyrcanian forests, n. iran, particularly on steep rocks and forest outcrops. there are some discrepancies on the intra-specific delimitation of this important woody species. the aim of the current study was to examine the anatomical variation of stems and leaves of sixteen pop...

The annulus fibrosus is the primary load-bearing component of the intervertebral disc responsible for proper transfer of loads in the spine. The aim of this study was to determine selected mechanical parameters of multilayer specimens of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disc during uniaxial tensile loading. The anatomical location (anterior/posterior) of the test specimens of the annu...

A new anatomical database, My Corporis Fabrica (MyCF), is presented. It extends the reference anatomical ontology FMA (the Foundational Model of Anatomy) with the possibility to coherently integrate 3D geometrical data, as well as biomechanical parameters. The purpose of this extension is to allow the user to intuitively create a patientspecific 3D representation from a formal description of an...

Tractography based on diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) is widely used for mapping the structural connections of the human brain. Its accuracy is known to be limited by technical factors affecting in vivo data acquisition, such as noise, artifacts, and data undersampling resulting from scan time constraints. It generally is assumed that improvements in data quality and implementation of sophisticate...

Background: The valgus cut angle (VCA) of the distal femur in Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is measured preoperativelyon three-joint alignment radiographs. The anatomical axis of the femur can be described as the anatomical axis of thefull length of the femur or as the anatomical axis of the distal half of the femur, which may result in different anglesin some cases. During TKA, the anatomical ...

(1) In many models muscle force can instantaneously drop to zero or rise to maximal force (e.g. [2]) However, in reality muscular dynamics will prevent such fast transitions in force. (2) Objective functions based on mechanical measures such as muscle force or stress are frequently used (e.g. [3]). However, the validity of these functions is unknown. A recent study posed an energy-related cost ...

The pharyngeal phase of swallowing is a complex event consisted with subsequent muscular contractions and pressure gen-eration to move a bolus from the mouth to the esophagus. Recently, high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) was devel-oped and used for the evaluation of pharyngeal dysphagia. Although HRIM provides precise pharyngeal pressure information, it has yet to be used as part of rou...

Parameterized matrices are discussed that may be used as (single) scattering matrices for interpretations of the brightness and polarization of planetary atmospheres containing randomly oriented small particles. A number of guidelines are developed for the construction of such matrices. These guidelines are based on (i) physical conditions for the elements of a natural scattering matrix, some h...

The pharmacokinetics and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of cefotaxime (Ctx) and desacetylcefotaxime (dCtx) were evaluated in 13 infants and children with meningitis after dose 6 of Ctx in a multiple-dose intermittent intravenous infusion regimen (50 mg/kg every 6 h). Model-dependent and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and were found to be congruous. The dispos...

STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort. OBJECTIVE To investigate fear-avoidance beliefs across different anatomical regions for patients with musculoskeletal pain. BACKGROUND Fear-avoidance beliefs were first widely studied in patients with low back pain. The early results of studies involving patients with cervical spine, knee, and shoulder disorders suggest that fear-avoidance beliefs have the p...