Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that was characterized with deposit of beta amyloid (Aβ) aggregate in senile plaque. Oxidative damage to neurons and loss of cholinergic neurons in forebrain region are observed in this disease. Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant from Lamiaceae family, used traditionally in the treatment of cognitive disorders. It has cholinomimeti...

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), progressive accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides impairs nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) function by a mechanism that may involve α7 and α4β2-nAChR subtypes. Additionally, the beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pathogenic Aβ production pathway, is expressed at high levels in hippocampal and c...

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide oligomerization plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Aβ oligomers are collectively considered an appealing therapeutic target for the treatment of AD. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the pathologic accumulation of oligomers are unclear, and the exact structural composition of oligomers is being debated. Using targeted a...

BACKGROUND Compelling evidence has shown that diabetic metabolic disorder plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, including increased expression of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and tau protein. Evidence has supported that minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, protects against neuroinflammation induced by neurodegenerative disorders or cerebral ischemia. This study has eval...

Background A growing body of evidence suggests a deteriorating effect sub-threshold amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation on cognition before the onset clinical symptoms Alzheimer’s disease. Despite association between Aβ-dependent pathway and APOE ε4 allele, impact this allele progression from Aβ deposits to cognitive function impairment is unclear. Furthermore, comparative analysis positive in precl...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects about 35.6 million people worldwide, and if current trends continue with no medical advancement, one in 85 people will be affected by 2050. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a cost-effective, easy to use, sensor platform to diagnose and study AD. The measurement of peptide amyloid beta (Aβ) found in CSF has been assessed as an avenue to diagnose and study...

background: alzheimer’s disease (ad) is a neurodegenerative disorder with progressive loss of cognitive abilities and memory loss. the aim of this study was to compare neuropathological changes in hippocampus and brain cortex in a rat model of ad. methods: adult male albino wistar rats (weighing 250-300 g) were used for behavioral and histopathological studies. the rats were randomly assigned t...

Transgenic mouse models are powerful tools in exploring the mechanisms of AD. Most current transgenic models of AD mimic the memory impairment and the main pathologic features, among which the formation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is considered a dominant pathologic event. Recently, Aβ oligomers have been identified as more neurotoxic than Aβ plaques. However, no ideal transgenic mouse model d...

OBJECTIVES To investigate dynamic changes in human plasma β-amyloid (Aβ) concentrations, evaluate the effects of aging and amyloidosis on these dynamics, and determine their correlation with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ concentrations. DESIGN A repeated plasma and CSF sampling study. SETTING The Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Missouri. PARTICIPANTS Older adults with...

Proteins must have specific conformations to function correctly inside cells. However, sometimes they adopt the wrong conformation, causing dysfunction and disease. A number of amyloid diseases are caused by misfolded proteins that form amyloid fibrils. One such disease is Alzheimer's disease (AD). The protein involved in this deadly disease is the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide. The formation of solub...