Abstract. Soil evaporation is a key process in the water cycle and can be conveniently quantified using ?2H ?18O bulk surface soil (BW). However, recent research shows that larger pores evaporates first differs from smaller ?18O, which disqualifies quantification of BW ?18O. We hypothesized had different isotopic compositions evaporating (EW). Therefore, our objectives were to test this hypothe...

Abstract. In this study we evaluate simulated surface SO2 and sulfate (SO42-) concentrations from the United Kingdom Earth System Model (UKESM1) against observations ground-based measurement networks in USA Europe for period 1987–2014. We find that UKESM1 captures historical trend decreasing of atmospheric SO42- both over However, polluted regions eastern Europe, over-predicts by a factor 3 whi...

Abstract. Headspace analysis of CO2 frequently has been used to quantify the concentration in fresh water. According basic chemical theory, not considering equilibration carbonate system sample vials will result a systematic error. By analysing potential error for different types water and experimental conditions, we show that incurred by headspace is less than 5 % typical samples from boreal s...

Abstract. To provide long-term air pollutant exposure estimates for epidemiological studies, it is essential to test the feasibility of developing land-use regression (LUR) models using only routine quality measurement data and evaluate transferability LUR between nearby cities. In this study, we developed evaluated intercity annual-average ambient respirable suspended particulates (PM10), fine...

Abstract. Outlet glaciers that flow through the Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) experienced changes in ice thickness greater than other coastal regions of Antarctica during glacial maxima. As a result, ice-free areas are currently exposed may have been covered by at various points Cenozoic, complicating our understanding ecological succession TAM soils. Our knowledge extent on small spatial scal...

Chromatographic and immunological evidence is presented regarding the hydrolysis of the ester linkage of O2'-monosuccinyl cyclic AMP in neutral solutions. Such hydrolysis occurs whether the nucleotide derivative is present in free form in solution or conjugated through its succinyl carboxyl group via an amide bond to proteins. The latter process apparently occurs when succinyl cyclic AMP is con...

Endocarditis is a rare but serious manifestation of Listeria monocytogenes (LM). However, the optimal treatment strategy for LM endocarditis has yet to be established. Current antibiotic strategies for listeriosis include penicillin G or ampicillin (AMP) monotherapy, or AMP + gentamicin combination therapy which is often favored for endocarditis. The primary objective of our investigation was t...

Adenosine 3':5' -monophosphate (cyclic AMP) -dependent protein kinase from bovine heart muscle catalyzes the phosphorylation of its regulatory, cyclic AMP-binding subunit. Phosphorylation enhances net dissociation of the enzyme by cyclic AMP. Chromatography on omega-aminohexyl-agarose was used to study the effects of phosphorylation on cyclic AMP binding and subunit dissociation and reassociati...

Abstract. Thermokarst lakes play an important role in permafrost environments by warming and insulating the underlying permafrost. As a result, thaw bulbs of unfrozen ground (taliks) are formed. Since these taliks remain perennially thawed, they zones increased degradation where microbial activity geochemical processes can lead to greenhouse gas emissions from thermokarst lakes. It is not well ...