Isolated cells from leaves of Spinacia oleracea have been maintained in a state capable of high rates of photosynthetic CO(2) fixation for more than 60 hours. The incorporation of (14)CO(2) under saturating CO(2) conditions into carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, and amino acids, and the effect of ammonia on this incorporation have been studied. Total incorporation, specific radioactivity, and po...

The paper presents the possibilities of simulation of steady and dynamic regimes for ammonia synthesis columns. We present the possibilities of study of the dynamic regimes for automatic control of the temperature in catalyst layers and propose an advanced control structure using the fresh gas flows between catalyst layers as commands. We also present the possibilities of optimization of the co...

I think it is a sad reflection on our civilization that while we can and do measure the temperature in the atmosphere of Venus we do not know what goes on inside our soufflés.

A Hysys model representing the steady state behaviour of a Haber-Bosch ammonia plant was developed based on a dynamic model and plant data from Norwegian fertiliser company Yara International ASA. The plant model was optimised using matlabs fmincon function with an interior-point method for economical optimisation with the aim to study the performance of different strategies. The Haber-Bosch am...

We report the synthesis of Co-Mo alloy nanoparticles with a uniform distribution of the alloy elements on CeO2via sodium naphthalenide-driven reduction. The resulting sample functions as a highly efficient and stable catalyst for ammonia synthesis. Based on the metal weight, the catalytic activity is ca. 20 times higher than that of Co3Mo3N.

A new synthesis of esters of 2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids and some related compounds has been developed. The synthesis is based on reaction of atosyl-substituted phenyl carbamates with enolates of b-oxoesters or 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds followed by treatment of the obtained products with ammonia and dehydration of the resulting 4-hydroxyhexahydropyrimidin-2-ones.

Tungsten nanoparticles were obtained from liquid-ammonia-based synthesis via reduction of WCl6 with dissolved sodium. The W(0) nanoparticles exhibit a diameter of 1-2 nm and can be dispersed in alkanes, showing a grayish-orange color due to red-shifted plasmon resonance absorption.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of level of dietary concentrate on rumen fermentation, digestibility, and N losses in lactating dairy cows. The experiment was a replicated 3x3 Latin square design with 6 cows and 16-d adaptation periods. Ruminal contents were exchanged between cows at the beginning of each adaptation period. Data for 2 of the diets tested in this e...

In situ dosing of metallic Cs on Ru surface results in a higher coverage (compared to conventional ex promotion techniques) which enhances the catalytic performance for ammonia synthesis.