Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes sSWNTsd by isotropic plasma treatment was studied using resonant Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that plasma-induced functionalization results in the uniaxial isotropic constriction of the nanotubes but preserves their overall structural integrity. It was demonstrated that NH3 ·H2O and hexamethyldisiloxan plasmas yield various types of conduc...

We report the first high resolution spectroscopic study of the NH3–H2 van der Waals molecular complex. Three different experimental techniques, a molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer, a millimeter-wave intracavity jet OROTRON spectrometer, and a submillimeter-wave jet spectrometer with multipass cell, were used to detect pure rotational transitions of NH3–H2 in the wide frequ...

Gas-permeable membrane technology is useful to recover ammonia (NH3) from liquid manures. In this study, phosphorus (P) recovery via MgCl2 precipitation was enhanced by combining it with NH3 recovery through gas-permeable membranes. Anaerobically digested swine wastewater containing approximately 2300 mg NH4+-N L-1 and 450 mg P L-1 was treated using submerged membranes plus low-rate aeration to...

Ammonia emissions were measured for six months at a modern 250,000-hen high-rise egg laying house using the chemiluminescence method along with multi-point extractive gas sampling. The ammonia analyzer was sequenced through twelve sampling locations including nine exhaust fans every two hours and calibrated at least weekly with certified calibration gases. Fan operation was monitored along with...

Scientific understanding and technical control of ammonia (NH3) at animal facilities largely depend on sampling and measurement techniques. Good sampling/measurement techniques provide high quality data that are essential in the study and abatement of NH3 emission. For many years until now, there have been only a few publications that address the application of these techniques at animal facili...

Animal welfare legislation in the EU, i.e., the EU Directives for the protection of farm animals coming into force by 2013 the latest, and the EU Regulation on organic farming might lead to an increase in ammonia (NH3) emissions. A review of the available, although rather limited, literature reveals that animal-friendly housings systems, in line with welfare legislation, are not ammonia-neutral...

Understanding how animal activities, management, and barn structure affect litter gases and nutrients is fundamental to developing accurate emission models for meat-bird facilities. This research characterized the temporal and spatial variability of litter ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux via a chamber method, as well as determined litter nitrogen (N) compounds by intensive sampling i...

A Mobile Ambient Laboratory (MAL) was placed at a residence in a community with two swine‐barn emission sites and one land application area to observe real‐time atmospheric stability, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations surrounding and within the residence during a 12‐week period. Significant differences in NH3 and H2S concentrations with atmospheric stability were found. Fo...

Ammonia gas is the only significant basic gas that neutralizes atmospheric acid gases produced from combustion of fossil fuels. This reaction produces an aerosol that is a component of atmospheric haze, is implicated in nitrogen (N) deposition, and may be a potential human health hazard. Because of the potential impact of NH3 emissions, environmentally and economically, the objective of this st...