This article analyzes the influence of the ignition retardation on the fuel consumption, the cumulative tailpipe hydrocarbon emissions, and the temperature inside the three-way catalytic converter in a gasoline direct injection engine operated under idling conditions. A dedicated cylinder-individual, model-based, multivariable controller was used in experiments in order to isolate the effect of...

The world switching to more sustainable energy sources curb CO2 emissions and haul climate change. One sector expected see rapid growth in consumption is the cooling due population A solution for needs coastal areas that are not often addressed seawater air-conditioning, which pumps cold water from deep sea shore uses it cooling. main challenge this technology distribute service. This paper pro...

Experimental results are presented to illustrate that there exists a unique window of opportunity for eddy current NDE of residual stress in surface-treated nickel-base superalloys. In light of its frequency-dependent penetration depth, the measurement of eddy current conductivity has been suggested as a possible means to allow the nondestructive evaluation of subsurface residual stresses in su...

for beneficiation of converter slag, the role of surface phenomena on slag composition was studied. this work includes some experimental data, which were measured for basic oxygen steel (bos) slag in isfahan steel plant. all data were collected on site in the plant. the results support the idea that surface activity plays a major role in converter slag formation. it was also a new finding that ...

The possibilities for using the pulsed time-of-flight (TOF) laser radar technique for hot refractory lining measurements are examined, and formulas are presented for calculating the background radiation collected, the achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the measurement resolution. An experimental laser radar device is presented based on the use of a laser diode as a transmitter. Results...

A time-to-digital converter for pulsed time-offlight laser radar devices has been developed and six units have been constructed and tested thoroughly. The time interval between the start and stop pulses is digitized coarsely by counting the 100 MHz clock oscillator pulses. The +/-10 ns uncertainty is improved to +/-10 ps by means of an analogue interpolation method based on the discharge of a k...

In many applications, such as development and testing of image processing algorithms, it is often necessary to simulate images containing realistic noise from solid-state photosensors. A high-level model of CCD and CMOS photosensors based on a literature review is formulated in this paper. The model includes photoresponse non-uniformity, photon shot noise, dark current Fixed Pattern Noise, dark...

As energy prices continue to increase, technology that makes more efficient use of energy is of interest to industry and consumers. Converting heat to electricity is a potentially important capability, and technologies that can do this with high efficiency and good throughput will be very useful. In previous RLE reports, we have described a new approach to the problem that is based on quantum c...

Shot peening applies a residual compressive stress field (RCSF) on the surface of parts. It also shifts “crack nucleation sites” to sub-surface locations. A nondestructive method of measuring the stresses, Sin2ψ was utilized here and the stress values introduced to Ansys software. For this purpose, uniform stress in all directions was applied on the con rod. Loading on the rod in Ansys had thre...