This paper explores the effects that collusion can have in newspaper markets where firms compete for advertising as well as for readership. We compare three modes of competition: i) competition in the advertising and the reader market, ii) semi-collusion over advertising (with competition in the reader market), and iii) (full) collusion in both the advertising and the reader market. We find tha...

For biodiversity research, the field of study that is concerned with the biological diversity of our planet, it is of utmost importance that the location of an animal specimen find is known with high precision. Due to specimens often having been collected over the course of many years, their accompanying geographical data is often ambiguous or may be very imprecise. In this contribution, we det...

In this paper we construct a functor Φ : proTop → proANR which extends Mardešić correspondence that assigns to every metrizable space its canonical ANR-resolution. Such a functor allows one to define the strong shape category of prospaces and, moreover, to define a class of spaces, called strongly fibered, that play for strong shape equivalences the role that ANRspaces play for ordinary shape e...

Macpherson (Nous 40(1):82–117, 2006) argues that the square/regular diamond figure threatens representationalism, construed as the theory which holds that the phenomenal character is explained by the nonconceptual content of experience. Her argument is the claim that representationalism is committed to the thesis that differences in the experience of ambiguous figures, the gestalt switch, shoul...

Ambiguous figures pose a problem for representationalists, particularly for representationalists who believe that the content of perceptual experience is nonconceptual (MacPherson in Nous 40(1):82–117, 2006). This is because, in viewing ambiguous figures, subjects have perceptual experiences that differ in phenomenal properties without differing in non-conceptual content. In this paper, I argue...

Optimistic fair exchange (OFE) is a protocol for solving the problem of exchanging items or services in a fair manner between two parties, a signer and a verifier, with the help of an arbitrator which is called in only when a dispute happens between the two parties. In almost all the previous work on OFE, after obtaining a partial signature from the signer, the verifier can present it to others...

In this paper, I argue (a) that the predicate ‘‘true’’ is ambiguously used to express a deflationary and a substantial concept of truth and (b) that the two concepts are systematically related in that substantial truths are deflationary truths of a certain kind. Claim (a) allows one to accept the main insights of deflationism but still take seriously, and participate in, the traditional debate ...

Bayesian games can handle the incomplete information about players’ types. However, in real life, the information could be not only incomplete but also ambiguous for lack of sufficient evidence, i.e., a player cannot have a precise probability about each type of the other players. To address this issue, this paper firstly extends the Bayesian games to ambiguous Bayesian games. Then, we introduc...

Proximity Distribution Kernel is an effective method for bag-offeatues based image representation. In this paper, we investigate the soft assignment of visual words to image features for proximity distribution. Visual word contribution function is proposed to model ambiguous proximity distributions. Three ambiguous proximity distributions is developed by three ambiguous contribution functions. ...

Prostate cancer metastasis to the dura is a rare occurrence. Metastasis to the dura can present as signs and symptoms of worsening mental status or neurological deficit. Therefore, malignant metastasis should be considered in a patient presenting with history of prostate cancer and worsening metal status without evidence of trauma.