This study aims to explore a novel application of dewatered alum sludge cakes (DASC) as the main medium in a single model reed bed to treat phosphorus-rich animal farm wastewater under "tidal flow" operation on a long-term basis. It is expected that the cakes act as the carrier for developing biofilm and also serve as adsorbent to enhance phosphorus (P) immobilization. Results have demonstrated...

Effects of addition of alum (0.00 -1.0% w/w) on pasting and some physicochemical characteristics of cassava starch were investigated with view to evaluate the potential of alum as a cassava starch modifying agent. The modified starch was prepared by pre-treatment of the native starch with alkaline at room temperature prior to modification using alum. Alum modified cassava starch were characteri...

Alum (KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O) is an inexpensive, efficient, and nontoxic catalyst used for the synthesis of 2-[3-amino-5-methyl-5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,5-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]propanoic acid derivatives in aqueous media by the reaction of 3-acetyl pyridine (1), amino acids (2)/(6), and thiosemicarbazide (4) at 80 °C. This methodology offers significant improvements for the synthesis of products w...

In the present study, several pre-polymerized coagulants of iron and aluminum were tested for their efficiency towards As(V) and As(III) removal from water sources. The results showed that the pre-polymerized coagulants of iron, such as poly-ferric sulfate and poly-ferric silicate chloride, were very efficient for As(V) removal. With regard to As(III) removal, among all examined coagulants, inc...

The thermal decomposition of alunite and of mixtures of alunite with dickite or quartz or both has been studied, and X-ray determinations of the products at various stages of the decomposition have been made. Between 6oo and 7oo ~ the product from alunite is a mixture of anhydrous alum and amorphous alumina; between 7oo and 770 ~ the anhydrous alum breaks down into aluminium sulphate and alkali...

ruary-March; Experiment 2, April-May; and Experiment 3, June-July. Birds received a corn-soybean meal starter (0.68 kg/bird; 22% CP, 3087 kcal/kg ME), grower (1.36 kg/bird; 20% CP, 3131 kcal/kg ME), and finisher (c.a. 2.27 kg/bird; 17.5% CP, 3197 kcal/kg ME) to 42 days of age. Treatments were control (CON); Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT), Poultry Guard (PG) or 50:50 All-Clear:PLT (ACPLT) at 100...

Alum-precipitated exfoliatin was found to be an efficient antigen for eliciting high titers of neutralizing antibody in rabbits. Antitoxin thus produced, and transferred passively, was shown to protect neonatal mice against challenge with two to three lethal doses of preformed exfoliatin even when administration was delayed until 15 min before exfoliation began in control animals. The same dose...

Vaccination is the method of choice for the prevention of influenza infection. However, the quantity of the antigen available, especially in the case of pandemics, often fails to meet the global demand. However, improved adjuvants can overcome this problem. Preliminary results obtained in this study revealed that one year after a single subcutaneous immunisation with influenza A H3N2 virus in a...