objective: to assess the perceived hiv/aids related stigma a comprehensive and well developed stigma instrument is necessary. this study aimed to assess validity and reliability of the persian version of hiv/aids related stigma scale which was developed by kang et al for people living with hiv/aids in iran. materials and methods: thescale was forward translatedby two bilingual academic members ...

conclusions treatment with peg ifn α achieved a sustained negativity of hdv rna in about one third of patients. duration of peg ifn α therapy might be prolonged to at least 24 months or more to prevent the occurrence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) relapse encountered six months after completion of the treatment. patients and methods the sample size was based on available patients potentially to be ...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to isolate and characterize the andrographolide betulin from methanolic leaves extract Andrographis echioides also used evaluate alpha-amylase alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity isolated compounds using in silico docking studies.
 Methods: isolation was done column chromatography gradient mobile phase. Structural elucidation carried out on basis s...

Background Asthenozoospermia accounts for almost 50% of the cases of male infertility. Our study investigating phosphoproteins differentially expressed in asthenozoosperm has identified the phosphoproteins relevant to sperm motility and the signature molecules likely to be altered in asthenozoospermia. The 66 phosphoproteins differentially expressed included four alpha tubulin isoforms which we...

Programmed cell death is a ubiquitous process in multicellular organisms. The pathways by which cells in multicellular organisms trigger cell death have been extensively characterized. A typical scenario for programmed cell death development includes activation of the MAP kinase cascade, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytoplasm as a conse...

Alpha interferon (IFN-α) suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in vitro by inducing cell-intrinsic retroviral restriction mechanisms. We investigated the effects of IFN-α/ribavirin (IFN-α/riba) treatment on 34 anti-HIV-1 restriction factors in vivo. Expression of several anti-HIV-1 restriction factors was significantly induced by IFN-α/riba in HIV/hepatitis C virus ...

Abstract. Recent measurements of nitrogen and alpha elements in over 20 damped Ly-α systems (DLA) are compared with similar measurements for numerous emission line objects and stars. It is found that the DLA distribution in the N/α-α/H plane is bimodal, where most sample DLAs fall along the N/α plateau defined at low Z by dwarf irregulars, while a small group possesses N/α values roughly 0.7 de...