Turbulent transport models and data in bubbly flows are briefly reviewed since they play an important role in the modeling of boiling flows in forced convection. Shortcomings of earlier measurements of the eddy diffusivity by NMR (Lemonnier & Leblond, 2007b) are analyzed and a new procedure is presented which is now consistent with the procedure of Gatenby & Gore (1994) developed for single-pha...

Some information about protein structure can be obtained by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques, but they provide only a sparse set of distances between atoms in a protein. The Molecular Distance Geometry Problem (MDGP) consists in determining the three-dimensional structure of a molecule using a set of known distances between some atoms. Recently, a Branch and Prune (BP) algorith...

During the past six or seven years, high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been established as a powerful tool for the study of cellular metabolism in isolated cells and organs. The non-invasive nature of the measurement offers many advantages over conventional analytical techniques, but limitations on sensitivity restrict the method to the observation of molecules present in the ...

The recent success of the human genome project and the continued accomplishment in obtaining DNA sequences for a vast array of organisms is providing an unprecedented wealth of information. Nevertheless, an abundance of the proteome contains hypothetical proteins or proteins of unknown function, where high throughput approaches for genome-wide functional annotation (functional genomics) has evo...

The soluble proteins of a newborn human lens exhibit almost no non-tryptophan fluorescence. On aging, an increase in the fluorescence of all native crystallins is found except for 72-crystallin. With formation of nuclear cataract, a further increase is seen for 7,-crystallin. The fluorophore, excitation 355 nm/emission 420 nm, is mainly associated with one species of the Yi-crystallin populatio...

Active transport is critical for cellular organization and function, and impaired transport has been linked to diseases such as neuronal degeneration. Much long distance transport in cells uses opposite polarity molecular motors of the kinesin and dynein families to move cargos along microtubules. It is increasingly clear that many cargos are moved by both sets of motors, and frequently reverse...

Intracellular transport of membrane organelles occurs along microtubules (MTs) and actin filaments (AFs). Although transport along each type of the cytoskeletal tracks is well characterized, the switching between the two types of transport is poorly understood because it cannot be observed directly in living cells. To gain insight into the regulation of the switching of membrane organelles betw...

T h e only m e t h o d so far k n o w n for isolat ing par t s of the nuc lea r enve lope is the t echn ique of Cal lan a n d T o m l i n (3), i.e. dissect ing the envelopes of manual lyi so la ted ind iv idua l nuclei . This procedu re has been used successfully by m a n y workers (6, 8, 13, 14, s u m m a r y in reference 7). I ts g rea t d i sadvan tage is tha t it m u s t be res t r ic ted n...