apolipoprotein e (apo e) is a structural constituent of several serum lipoprotein classes. it plays an important role in lipid metabolism by acting as a ligand for low-density lipoprotein (ldl) and chylomicron remnant receptors. three common alleles called e2, e3 and e4 have been described, which code for three protein isoforms (e2, e3 and e4). the polymorphism is clinically significant, and it...

The frequencies of electrophoretically distinguishable allelic forms of enzymes may be very different from the corresponding frequencies of structurally distinct forms, because many sequence variants may have identical electrophoretic charge. In large populations such frequencies will be determined largely by the number of amino acid sites that are free to vary. The number of distinguishable el...

BACKGROUND: The failure of specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) to raise effective immune responses may be important in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, the second most common cancer in South African women. Polymorphisms of a number of cytokine genes have been implicated in inducing susceptibility or resistance to cancers caused by infectious agents owing to their role in determin...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays well-defined roles in eliciting immune responses and combating infectious diseases. The major histocompatibility complex of cattle is referred to as BoLA (Bovine Lymphocyte Antigen). This genetic system is among the most polymorphic. In the present study, polymorphism of the BoLADRB3.2 locus in three Bos indicus breeds viz., Sahiwal, Rathi and Ha...

background: tumor necrosis factor-beta or lymphotoxin-alpha (lt- α ), il-4 and il-10 are determining factors in immunity against bcg.  allelic polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of their genes affect the rate of cytokine production and therefore, the host’s ability in bcg containment.   objective : to study the prevalence of –590 (c/t) and –592 (c/a) allelic distribution of il-4 and il-10 ...

in recent years, the relationship between insertion and deletion (indel) polymorphisms in promoter region (23 bp) and intron 1 (12 bp) of prnp gene (prion protein coding gene) and their relationship to susceptibility of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) have been reported. insertions of these two polymorphisms increase resistance to classical bse, while the deletions of these two...

A formula for the distribution of allelic frequencies in a finite population is derived assuming stepwise production of multiple alleles. Monte Carlo experiments were performed to check the validity of the formula, and excellent agreement was obtained between theoretical distribution and experimental results. The formula should be useful for analyzing genetic variability in natural populations ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Endometriosis is regarded as a complex disese, in which genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease phenotype. Whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -460 C/T and +405 G/C polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to endometriosis was investigated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnosis of endometriosis was made on the basis of laparoscopic findings. ...

It is important to consider heterogeneity of marker effects and allelic frequencies in across population genome-wide prediction studies. Moreover, all regression models used in genome-wide prediction overlook randomness of genotypes. In this study, a family of hierarchical Bayesian models to perform across population genome-wide prediction modeling genotypes as random variables and allowing pop...