Glutathione (GSH) fulfills several essential functions: Detoxification of free radicals and toxic oxygen radicals, thiol-disulfide exchange and storage and transfer of cysteine. GSH is present in all mammalian cells, but may be especially important for organs with intense exposure to exogenous toxins such as the liver, kidney, lung and intestine. Within the cell mitochondrial GSH is the main de...

The concentrations of sodium, potassium, reduced glutathione (GSH) and free amino acids and Na-K-ATPase activity in erythrocytes were examined in 35 purebred Jindo dogs in Korea. The incidence of Jindo dogs with a high potassium concentration and high activity of Na-K-ATPase in erythrocytes (HK phenotype) was 25.7%. The erythrocyte GSH concentration in HK Jindo dogs varied widely, from 2.45 to ...

Horseradish peroxidase has been shown to catalyze the oxidation of veratryl alcohol (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol) and benzyl alcohol to the respective aldehydes in the presence of reduced glutathione, MnC12, and an organic acid metal chelator such as lactate. The oxidation is most likely the result of hydrogen abstraction from the benzylic carbon of the substrate alcohol leading to eventual dis...

In this work, we design and synthesize a malonitrile-functionalized TPE derivative (TPE-DCV), which can react with thiol group through thiol-ene click reaction, leading to the fluorescence change of the system. Combined with the unique AIE property, TPE-DCV can selectively detect glutathione (GSH) but not cysteine or homocysteine. As the cleavage of GSSG with the aid of glutathione reductase pr...

High glucose concentrations cause oxidative injury and programmed cell death in neurons, and can lead to diabetic neuropathy. Activating the type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) prevents glucose-induced oxidative injury in dorsal root ganglion neurons co-cultured with Schwann cells. To determine the mechanisms of protection, studies were performed in rat dorsal root ganglion neuron-S...

PURPOSE To evaluate changes in glutathione and NAD(P)-redox status, taurine and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, glucose utilization, and energy metabolism in diabetic precataractous lenses and to assess whether these changes can be prevented with dietary taurine supplementation. METHODS The experimental groups included control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats with a 3-week duration of diabetes ...

Tert-butyl hydroperoxide decreases GSH and total free glutathione (GSH + 2GSSG) contents of acini from lactating mammary glands. The decrease in total free glutathione can be explained by an increase in mixed disulfide formation and by excretion of GSSG to the extracellular medium, and subsequent degradation catalyzed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Low concentrations of glucose prevented the...