BACKGROUND The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-regulated protein kinase, Akt, plays an important role in the initiation and progression of human cancer. Mammalian cells express three Akt isoforms (Akt1-3), which are encoded by distinct genes. Despite sharing a high degree of amino acid identity, phenotypes observed in knockout mice suggest that Akt isoforms are not functionally redundant. The rel...

To determine whether the serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B) is activated in vivo by insulin administration in humans, and whether impaired activation of Akt could play a role in insulin resistance, we measured the activity and phosphorylation of Akt isoforms in skeletal muscle from 3 groups of subjects: lean, obese nondiabetic, and obese type 2 diabetic. Vastus lateral...

Maternal diabetes has been reported to be a critical factor for congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring. The present study aimed to screen the key genes that may be involved in CHD in offspring of diabetic mothers. The present study obtained the gene expression profile of GSE32078, including three embryonic heart tissue samples at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), three embryonic heart tissue sam...

Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are a group of disorders that present with end-stage renal failure in childhood/adolescence, kidney cysts, retinal degeneration, and cerebellar hypoplasia. One disorder that shares clinical features with NPHP-RC is Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS). Serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8 (SDCCAG8; also known as NPHP10 and BBS16) is an NPHP gene th...

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) develops by accumulation of multiple genetic alterations, influenced by the patient’s genetic predisposition as well as by environmental influences, that includes pan, chaalyia, tobacco, alcohol, chronic inflammation, and viral infection. This study was carried out to understand the molecular alterations which contribute to the development of OSCC in Pakistan...

Melanoma incidence and mortality rates continue to increase despite the use of sunscreen as well as screening programs for early surgical excision of premalignant lesions. The steady increase in melanoma incidence suggests that additional preventive approaches are needed to augment these existing strategies. One unexplored area involves targeting genes whose deregulation promotes disease develo...

Rapamycin, also known as sirolimus, inhibits the mTOR pathway in complex diseases such cancer, and its downstream targets are ribosomal S6 kinases (RPS6K). Sirolimus is involved regulating cell growth survival through roles mediation of epidermal factor signaling. However, systemic efficacy sirolimus regulation unclear. The purpose this study to determine drug using computational methods drug-i...