Recently, intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has become a research focus for its capability of controlling the radio propagation environments. Compared to conventional terrestrial IRS, aerial IRS (AIRS) exploiting unmanned vehicle (UAV)/high-altitude platform (HAP) can provide better deployment flexibility. To this end, three-dimensional (3D) one-cylinder model is first developed AIRS-assiste...

In this article, we review and compare a number of methods of spatial prediction. To demonstrate the breadth of available choices, we consider both traditional and more-recently-introduced spatial predictors. Specifically, in our exposition we review: traditional stationary kriging, smoothing splines, negative-exponential distance-weighting, Fixed Rank Kriging, modified predictive processes, a ...

In this paper we address the problem of Least-Squares (LS) optimal FIR inverse-filtering of an convolutive mixing system, given by a set of acoustic impulse responses (AIRs). The optimal filter is given by the LS-solution of a block-Toeplitz matrix equation, or equivalently by the time-domain Multi-Channel Wiener Filter. A condition for the minimum FIR filter length can be derived, depending on...

Satellite data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is analyzed to examine regions of the upper troposphere that are supersaturated: where the relative humidity (RH) is greater than 100%. AIRS data compare well to other in situ and satellite observations of RH and provide daily global coverage up to 200 hPa, though satellite observations of supersaturation are highly uncertain. The clim...

Multichannel equalization (MCEQ) techniques have been proposed for the inversion of acoustic impulse responses (AIRs) with a wide range of applications such as speech dereverberation. Adaptive MCEQ techniques can address the problem of high computational complexity required for the inversion of high order AIRs using non-adaptive algorithms based on the multiple-input/output inverse theorem (MIN...

The next generation of atmospheric temperature and humidity sounders will have thousands of radiometrically accurate spectral channels throughout the infrared. The retrieval of atmospheric parameters from these radiances will stress both the accuracy and efficiency of forward model radiative transfer algorithms. We are developing a forward model for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) which...

Biological systems use complex ‘information processing cores’ composed of molecular networks to coordinate their external environment and internal states. An example of this is the acquired, or adaptive, immune system (AIS), which is composed of both humoral and cell-mediated components. Here we report the step-by-step construction of a prototype mimic of the AIS which we call Adaptive Immune R...

Each year, droughts cause significant economic and agricultural losses across the world. The early warning and onset detection of drought is of particular importance for effective agriculture and water resource management. Previous studies show that the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), a measure of precipitation deficit, detects drought onset earlier than other indicators. Here we show that ...

On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupted violently. This exceptional event excited a manifold of atmospheric waves. Here, we focus on mesoscale part wave spectrum. About 8.5 hr after eruption strong gravity (GW) was observed in stratosphere by satellite instruments Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Microwave Limb (MLS) vicinity Tonga. By ray-tracing, confirm as so...

O presente trabalho pretende dar continuidade a discussão sobre dinâmica de formação das aglomerações industriais que são concentrações territoriais da indústria e do emprego industrial. Buscamos isso partir conceito Aglomerações Industriais Relevantes AIRs, neste é definido pela ocorrência em uma microrregião pelo menos 100 unidades locais 10.000 empregos na indústria. Também buscamos relacion...