Mosquitoes are serious biting pests and obligate vectors of many vertebrate pathogens. Their immature larval and pupal life stages are a common feature in most tropical and many temperate water bodies and often form a significant proportion of the biomass. Control strategies rely primarily on the use of larvicides and environmental modification to reduce recruitment and adulticides during perio...

(a) P is a nonempty set; (b) ≤ is a partial ordering of P; i.e., ≤ is transitive, reflexive relation in P (and so p ≤ q ∧ q ≤ p ∧ p 6= q is not forbidden); (c) for all p ∈ P, p ≤ 1. (1 need not be the only such maximum element.) We shall often write P for 〈P,≤,1〉. Let P be a poset. If p is an element of P, then an extension of p is a q ∈ P such that q ≤ p. Two elements of P are compatible if th...

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1 Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, University of Alfenas-MG, Av. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 714, Alfenas, MG, Brazil, 37130.000 2 Laboratory of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, University of Brescia, P.le Spedali Civili, 1, 25100, Brescia, Italy 3 Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes...

BACKGROUND Macrophage activation plays a crucial role in regulating adipose tissue inflammation and is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. On various types of stimuli, macrophages respond with either classic (M1) or alternative (M2) activation. M1- and M2-mediated signaling pathways and corresponding cytokine production profiles are not complet...

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia causing high morbidity and mortality. While changing of the cellular calcium homeostasis plays a critical role in AF, the L-type calcium channel α1c protein has suggested as an important regulator of reentrant spiral dynamics and is a major component of AF-related electrical remodeling. Our computational modeling predicted that mi...

On May 15, 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved radium Ra 223 dichloride (Ra-223; Xofigo injection; Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.) for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), symptomatic bone metastases, and no known visceral metastatic disease. The FDA review was based on clinical trial BC1-06, which randomly allocated patients ...

Radium-223 dichloride (radium-223) is an important therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer, symptomatic bone metastases, and no visceral disease. The unique mechanism of action of this first-in-class alpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical underlies its favorable safety profile and low incidence of myelosuppression. In the pivotal phase 3 ALpharadin...

Many microRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved and have intriguing expression patterns. Tissue and/or time-specific expressions of some miRNAs are presumably controlled by unique cis-acting regulatory elements that coevolved with the miRNA sequences. Exploiting bioinformatics, we identified several miRNAs whose primary transcripts could be regulated by conserved genomic elements proximal ...

Our understanding of common human diseases and how best to treat them is hampered by the complexity of the human system in which they are manifested. Unlike simple Mendelian disorders, in which highly expressive, highly penetrant mutations make it possible to identify the causal genes within families in which traits associated with the disorders segregate, common human diseases originate from a...