Due to its rapid development in the past decade, air transportation system has attracted considerable research attention from diverse communities. While most of the previous studies focused on airline networks, here we systematically explore the robustness of the Chinese air route network, and identify the vital edges which form the backbone of Chinese air transportation system. Specifically, w...

Indirect taxes on transportation activities that pollute can correct externalities and close the gaps between private and social costs. However, policy makers often find such Pigou taxes difficult to implement because of political resistance due to possibly adverse affects on equity. For this reason it is important to assess the distributional aspects of environmental levies. This article estim...

Today, urban transportation has attracted urban planners’ and researchers' attention because of air and noise pollution problems associated with it. In Shahrkord city in Iran, no plans have been made for sustainable transportation, and the available poor transportation infrastructure is not responsive to the growing population of the city. This issue has inflicted the city with serious problems...

This Essay is about air transport and EC competition Law. The air transport industry has, in many countries, developed as a mixture of public utility and commercial venture. With the deregulation of the airline market, the EC Commission has also, to an increasing extent, become involved in the competition aspects of the airline industry. Part I deals with the transportation industry. Part II di...

Urban Airshed Models for estimating air pollution concentrations in a region require travel demand models that can produce hour-by-hour mobile source emission estimates. Regional simulation models of this type are currently created and tested in Australia, Europe, Japan, and the United States using a variety of theories, decision-making formalisms, and operational implementation methods. On one...

This paper addresses the classical graph partitioning problem applied to the air network : One considers an air transportation network with aircraft inducing a control workload. This network has to be partitioned into K balanced sectors for which the cutting ow is minimized .

Banjarbarucity – located in South Kalimantan province, Indonesia – has high temperatures average and rain intensity. Those cause various disasters and adverse impacts on human life. Moreover, high urbanization and infrastructure development contribute landcover change and the increase of non-vegetation landcover. Air pollution from transportation needs to be reduced by developing urban forest i...

This policy proposal will address the issue of public transportation as a means for sustainable development. Transportation is an issue that needs to be addressed because it has two deleterious effects on the environment. One is the effect of vehicle carbon dioxide, CO2, emissions on climate change and the second stems from other vehicle emissions that cause air pollution leading to negative he...

Freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa can be used for normal embryonic development after injection into oocytes, thus indicating that freeze-drying is a useful method for the storage and transportation of genetic materials from animals. We recently reported that storage of freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa requires maintenance at temperatures lower than -80 C for long-term preservation and a pressure of ...