This work introduces capillary flow in paper microfluidics that features a flow rate Q that is constant in time, t, and independent of the viscosity of liquid sample, µ liquid : Q≠f(t, µ liquid). Compared to conventional paper microfluidics, we enclose the paper in solid walls and add a long and narrow air vent as outlet of the capillary pump, such that the flow rate is dominated by the downstr...

in the management and evaluation of asthma, simple instruments for measurements of peak expiratory flow rate (pefr) are necessary. the aim of this study was to determine normal pefr of the healthy children in babol, iran. this study was randomly done on 1050 students (primary and secondary schools) in babol. mini-wright peak flow meter was used for measurement of pefr. the range of age, weight ...

soil detachment is known as an important process in soil erosion and its quantification is necessary to establish a basic understanding of erosion. this study was carried out to find the best flow erosivity indicator(s) for predicting detachment rate at low slopes. for this purpose, 12 experiments including 6 flow discharges (75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 ml/s) and 2 slope gradients (1.5 and 2...

The Study of heat transfer augmentation in micro scale and electronic packaging systems are some of the paramount areas of the impending universe. In such systems the cooling of the heat sinks are generally achieved through the impingement of air jet. Assuming the air jet to be continues & incompressible fluid, the heat dissipation rate over the target surface seems to either uniform or well ch...

Grains exiting an underwater silo exhibit an unexpected surge in discharge rate as they empty. This contrasts with the constant flow rate of dry granular hoppers and the decreasing flow rate of pure liquids. Here we find that this surge depends on hopper diameter and happens also in air. The surge can be turned off by fixing the rate of fluid flow through the granular packing. With no flow cont...

An Allegretto Eye-Q laser platform (Wavelight GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was used to study the effect of air-flow speed on the ablation of artificial polymer corneas used for testing refractive surgery patterns. Flat samples of two materials (PMMA and Filofocon A) were ablated at four different air flow conditions. The shape and profile of the ablated surfaces were measured with a precise non-con...

Heat pipe is a device that transports heat with minimal temperature drop using the latent heat of fluid in a closed container. In vertical type named as thermosyphon (Wickless), capillary action is replaced by the gravitational force, this condenser is placed above evaporator. In this paper, to investigate the effect of inlet air temperature and the air mass flow rate was studied. The temperatu...

The study of two-phase fluid flow behavior in hydraulic structures such as pressurized flow tunnels, culverts, sewer pipes, junctions and other similar conduits is of great importance. A two-phase mixture flowing in a pipe can exhibit several interfacial geometries such as bubbles, slugs or films, depending on the fluid and hydrodynamic properties of flow. The main variables, giving rise to a v...