hiv/aids epidemic is concentrated among injecting drug users in iran. like many other countries with hiv/aids concentrated epidemic, prisons are high risk areas for spreading hiv/aids. the aim of this paper was to study the trend of hiv/aids prevalence and related interventions administered in prisons of iran during a 13 years period.this cross sectional study was conducted using the data colle...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is lentivirus (subgroup of retrovirus) which causes HIV infection and it acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4+T cells through number of mechanisms [1]. Our purpose is to review educative HIV prevention and control as Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and WHO's operational goal. In 2000, when ...

At the beginning of the 1990s, Danish hearing aid producer, Oticon became world famous for its radical empowerment and delegation experiment, called the ”spaghetti organization.” Almost a decade later, most of the more radical elements of the spaghetti organization have been changed. This paper tells the story of the spaghetti organization and its subsequent transformation, and speculates on th...

A series of experiments is described tracing the development and application of adaptive paired-comparison testing to the prescriptive fitting of hearing aids. The equipment needed to implement the test procedures became progressively more complex with each new experiment, leading to the development of a digital master hearing aid.

Recent progress on the development of an ear-level digital hearing aid is described. The work includes development of a body-wearable digital hearing aid and a computer-based hearing evaluation system that exploits the flexibility afforded by digital signal processing. The prescriptive criteria and fitting procedure used with the digital hearing aid are described briefly. Design considerations ...