We investigated the spontaneous activity and properties of freshly isolated ventral tegmental area (VTA) principal neurons by whole cell recording and single-cell RT-PCR. The VTA principal neurons, which were tyrosine hydroxylase-positive and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67)-negative, exhibited low firing frequency and a long action potential (AP) duration. The VTA principal neurons exhibite...

Five crossbred wethers (58 kg) fitted with cannulas in the rumen, duodenum, and ileum were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to study effects of feeding combinations of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHP-WS) and alfalfa hay at restricted intakes on site and extent of nutrient digestion. Additionally, flows and disappearance of N and amino acids (AA) in the small intestine wer...

Availability of finite set of alternative solution for any problem tends to make decision making an inevitable part of today’s opportunistic world. Generally Decision making is made based on various perspectives like psychological, cognitive, normative means. In all situations Cost-Benefit analysis forms the key reason for decision making. Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods make the ...

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an established decision method used to synthesize judgments and select the best alternative. The AHP literature extensively discusses both theory and case studies for judgments made by one person. However, instances exist when the judgments of a group of individuals are needed for accurate knowledge representation and robust decision making. One such inst...

Screening weapon-systems is a critical task in determining whether a systems development effort will be successful and eventually provide the increased war fighting capability the user had originally envisioned. Weapon system selection is a multi-criteria decision problem that must be accomplished within a constrained resource environment. Several alternatives must be considered and evaluated i...

The functional formula diet AHP, containing polysaccharides from Auricularia auricular, polyphenolic compounds from Hawthorn (Crataegus) and Pueraria radix, has been recently developed as a dietary intervention against dyslipidemia in our previous study. In the present study, its antioxidant activities and protective effects against proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were inv...

There are several methods for Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) such as multiple attribute utility theory (MAUT), the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), and Fuzzy AHP. However, these methods are compensatory optimization approaches for which bad score on some criteria can be compensated by excellent scores on other criteria. So, the Elimination and Choice Translating Reality III (ELECTRE I...

DS/AHP is a nascent method for multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), applied here to the ranking of sectors (industries). Moreover, the preference of each sector over different criteria is dependent on their expected ability to improve the development prospects of a UK region. Due to the large number of sectors considered in this case, the use of more traditional MCDM techniques such as AHP is...

BACKGROUND Monocular infantile blindness may be associated with bilateral horizontal nystagmus, a subtype of fusion maldevelopment nystagmus syndrome (FMNS). Patients often adopt a significant anomalous head posture (AHP) towards the fixing eye in order to dampen the nystagmus. This clinical entity has also been reported as unilateral Ciancia syndrome. The aim of the study was to ascertain the ...

The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used as a modelling and solution tool for multicriteria decision making. The AHP breaks a problem down and then aggregates the solutions of all the subproblems into a conclusion. By breaking it down, the AHP utilizes the human ability to make sound judgements about small problems. (see Saaty 1991 and Saaty 1996.) The most creative part of decision making ...