In the developing axial skeleton, sequential sonic hedgehog (SHH) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals are required for specification of a chondrogenic fate in presomitic tissue. A similar paradigm is thought to operate in the limb, but the signals involved are unclear. To investigate the nature of these signals, we examined BMP action in mesenchymal populations derived from the early m...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are cytokines with a strong effect on bone and cartilage growth and with important roles during embryonic patterning and early skeletal formation. BMPs have promising potential for clinical bone and cartilage repair, working as powerful bone-inducing components in diverse tissue-engineering products. Synthetic polymers, natural origin polymers, inorganic mater...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Primary and dynamically maintained periprosthetic bone formation is essential for osseointegration of hip implants to host bone. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a role in osteoinductive bone formation. We hypothesized that there is an increased local synthesis of BMPs in the synovial membrane-like interface around aseptically loosened total hip replacement (THR) i...

Skeletal homeostasis is determined by systemic hormones and local factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are unique because they induce the differentiation of mesenchymal cells toward cells of the osteoblastic lineage and also enhance the differentiated function of the osteoblast. However, the activity of BMPs needs to be tempered by intracellular and extracellular antagonists. BMPs bind to...

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have demonstrated effectiveness as bone regeneration agents whether delivered as recombinant proteins or via gene therapy. Current gene therapy approaches use vectors expressing single BMPs. In contrast, multiple BMPs are coordinately expressed during bone development and fracture healing. Furthermore, BMPs likely exist in vivo as heterodimeric molecules havin...

Chordin (Chd) is an abundant protein secreted by Spemann organizer tissue during gastrulation. Chd antagonizes signaling by mature bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) by blocking binding to their receptors. Recombinant Xenopus Chd binds to BMP-4 with high affinity (KD, 3 x 10(-10) M), binding specifically to BMPs but not to activin or TGF-beta1. Chd protein is able to dorsalize mesoderm and to n...

It is well known that Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce bone formation and that some BMPs, including BMP2 and BMP7, are clinically used in orthopedics. Signaling by BMPs plays an important role in a variety of cell-types in bone such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts. It is recently reported using an osteoblast-targeted deletion of BMP signaling that BMP signaling in osteobl...

Human in vitro models of brain neurophysiology are needed to investigate molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with neurological disorders and neurotoxicity. We have developed a reproducible iPSC-derived human 3D brain microphysiological system (BMPS), comprised of differentiated mature neurons and glial cells (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) that reproduce neuronal-glial interactions a...

Belowground stormwater treatment devices referred to as Best Management Practices (BMPs) can be persistent sources of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes and in urban environments necessitate routine monitoring and insecticide treatment for control. The design of certain structural features of BMPs may discourage mosquito entry and oviposition, potentially reducing the ne...

The capacity of a commercially available pool of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to stimulate osteogenesis in the rat alveolar healing was investigated by histometric analysis. Male rats were anesthetized and had their upper incisor extracted. A pool of purified bovine BMPs adsorbed to microgranular resorbable hydroxyapatite was agglutinated with bovine collagen and saline before impl...