Agricultural extension workers’ service has been placed as the central pattern of agricultural transformation in general and smallholder farmers in particular. Due largely to this commensurately known trend, identifying factors that determine farmers’ access to extension workers’ service and the effect of the service on crop yield was found to be imperative. Cross sectional data was collected t...

abstract using tobit model, this study investigated factors affecting on crop risk frequency of farmers in the north khorasan province. data was collected through interviewing 120 farmers of north khorasan province in 2008. results showed that age, farm ownership and off farm employment affected frequency of risk negatively. non-agricultural activity, participating in a crop supervisory plan an...

Identifying role of extension system in adoption of new technologies have important role to developing favorable extension systems. For supporting sustainable agriculture in Iran needs extension systems to be carefully thought and accurately implemented. The purpose of this is analyzing role of extension activities in adoption of sustainable agriculture. Based on the results the attending agric...

This paper investigates whether employer sanctions for hiring undocumented workers introduced by the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) adversely affected the hourly earnings of Latino workers in the southwestern U.S. We exploit the staggering of the sanctions and employee verification requirements across sectors to estimate this effect. In particular, IRCA's employer-sanctions prov...

We develop a general framework for multifunctional agriculture, which includes not only public goods but also rural viability as a non-public good item. We contribute to the literature in two ways. First, we demonstrate how the broader definition of multifunctional agriculture differs from the agrienvironmental multifunctionality, and how agri-environmental policy should be reformed to include ...

C an rural financial inclusion enhance agricultural growth? This study, using annual data over the period 1981-2014 and the ARDL bounds testing approach, captures the long run as well as the short-run dynamics of the relationship between financial inclusion and agriculture in Nigeria. The results show that usage of financial services has significant impacts on agriculture both in the...

This study evaluates the economic consequences of hypothetical foot-and-mouth disease releases from the future National Bio and Agro Defense Facility in Manhattan, Kansas. Using an economic framework that estimates the impacts to agricultural firms and consumers, quantifies costs to non-agricultural activities in the epidemiologically impacted region, and assesses costs of response to the gover...

agricultural land conversion (alc) has been introduced as one of the most important factorsaffecting ecosystem. this type of conversion has led to several challenges in agricultural development andhuman life. monitoring alc plays a crucial role when dealing with such challenges. the main objective of thisstudywas to monitor the trend ofalc in theqazvin province located in northwest iran from 19...