In this study, Islamic Jihadi Salafism, the reasons for its growth and its impact on the future political stability of the Middle East have been studied. Salafism due to Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (in 1979), US invasion of Iraq (in 1991 and 2003) and Afghanistan (in 2001) took military and violent aspects and in recent two decades its activities has increased. But after popular uprisings in...

in this study reference as one of the five cohesive devices in the achievement of textuality in english and persian narrative/descripitive written texts is focused on and analysed . to do so , the theoretical framework elaborated by halliday and hasan (1976) and its version adapted by the writer to match the sub-types of reference in farsi are applied to the analysis of reference in english and...

acknowledgements i wish to express my gratitude to all those who have helped me in preparing this thesis. i would like to express my deep gratitude to my respected advisor dr. kourosh akef, whose advice and comments helped me in the early stages of the research and throughout the writing process. i would also like to express my gratitude to dr. hajar khanmohammad whose invaluable guidance he...

1. to determine whether difference in birth body mass influenced growth performance in pipistrellus kuhlii we studied a total of 12 captive-born neonates. bats were assigned to two body mass groups: light birth body mass (lbw: 0.89 ± 0.05, n=8) and heavy birth body mass (hbw: 1.35 ± 0.08, n=4). heavier body mass at birth was associated with rapid postnatal growth (body mass and forearm length) ...

august wilson is undoubtedly one of the rare black playwrights whose works have attracted streams of attention and worldwide audience. the present study aims at analyzing fences and piano lesson which are two of the most successful plays in his pittsburgh cycle from the perspective of michel foucault’s theories and ideas. studying these two plays from foucault’s perspective opens new windows in...

Salafism’s root in Egypt dates back to the early 21st century. Before the revolution, salafists didn’t believe in political participation and regarded  it as prohibited, but  their approach  changed after the revolution. This movement  just after the Egypt's   January 25 revolution in 2011, mobilized resources to gain individual and group interests and emerged as a powerful actor in a political...