BACKGROUND The diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense relies mainly on the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT). There is no immunodiagnostic for HAT caused by T. b. rhodesiense. Our principle aim was to develop a prototype lateral flow test that might be an improvement on CATT. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS Pools of infection an...

INTRODUCTION Compared to the majority of non-Hispanic white ("white") cigarette smokers, many African American smokers demonstrate a later age of initiation. The goal of the present study was to examine African American late-onset smoking (ie, regular smoking beginning at age 18 or later) and determine whether late-onset (vs. early-onset) smoking is protective in terms of quit rates and health ...

The presence at different latitudes and the seasonal distribution of two known or potential vectors of African horse sickness (AHS) virus--Culicoides imicola and C. obsoletus--were investigated in the Iberian peninsula using light trap collections. Culicoides imicola was present as far north as 41 degrees N but not at 43 degrees N (Asturias, Spain), whereas C. obsoletus was found at all latitud...

Sleeping sickness epidemics have been noted to occur with some degree of periodicity and the question as to why this is so has been asked for quite a long time. These epidemics have been partially controlled in the past using the conventional methods of bush clearing, mass diagnostic surveys and treatment. Political, social and economic upheavals have been found to be very important factors in ...

We evaluated the ecological success of the manual removal of Carpobrotus species, a putative hybrid complex of a South African perennial mat-forming plant, by comparing treated, noninvaded, and invaded plots across coastal Andalucía in southern Spain. As a measure of the management effectiveness, we quantified the density of Carpobrotus seedlings and resprouts in treated plots one year after tr...