Seventy rhizobial isolates were obtained from the root nodules of two soybean (Glycine max) cultivars: Japanese cultivar Enrei and USA cultivar Stine3300, which were inoculated with different soil samples from Afghanistan. In order to study the genetic properties of the isolates, the DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene and symbiotic genes (nodD1 and nifD) were elucidated. Furthermore, the isolat...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) co-occurs frequently with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and both disorders are linked to suicidal ideation. An emergent literature examines suicidal ideation in U.S. Afghanistan/Iraq-era veterans. Little research, however, has studied the role of PTSD and comorbid MDD on suicidal ideation across service eras. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the imp...

Historically, Afghanistan and Pakistan are the immediate neighbors with number of common similarities such as religious, cultural, geography, ethnicity numerous others. Despite these, relations between both countries never stayed in cool plate. This study explores that, since emergence Taliban during 1996-2001, there were somehow better than democratic government Afghanistan. Regional internati...

Purpose: Dietary intake assessment has an essential role in chronic disease studies and general public health outcomes. To measure dietary intakes epidemiologic studies, various methods are used. Among them, food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) can provide useful measures of intake. This study aimed to report the development a population-specific dish-based questionn...

The paper explores the long-term developments and dynamics in Afghanistan, which enabled Taliban to capture state August 2021. It suggests that Taliban’s success was by failure of international intervention build legitimate authority Afghanistan. Three factors contributed this failure: First, different actors were part country pursued competing agendas, especially with ‘War on Terror’ undermini...

The existence of Sharia governance in the structure Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) guarantees compliance IFI to principles and prevents top management from involving high-risk business activities. This research studies concept framework IFIs operating Afghanistan, governance, hierarchy, authorities are articulated. study elaborates on initiation Afghanistan. In order find a clear picture...

The concept of self-defense in international law has been subject to discussion recent years particularly relation its application on the fight against terrorism. article re-considers such an light customary and via use case Afghanistan. More specifically aims at demonstrating how Afghanistan mission informed development classical context security assistance. Via a historical presentation work ...

I December 2010, President Obama issued his review of the US strategy in Afghanistan following the significant increase in military forces and a renewed counterinsurgency effort. Nearly a year ago, the US Commander in Chief decided to send an additional 30,000 US forces to Afghanistan as part of a strategy to reverse the Taliban’s momentum and build the Afghan government’s capacity, allowing th...

The Medical Journal of Australia ISSN: 0025-729X 1/ 15 December 2003 179 11/12 591-593 ©The Medical Journal of Austral ia 2003 www.mja.com.au Frontline Medicine THIS IS A brief account of my six months in Afghanistan in 2003. I worked as the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) project doctor in the western province of Herat, spending alternate weeks in Herat City and in Kushk-e-Kohna, a sparsely pop...

With the withdrawal of United States and NATO-led forces from Afghanistan, instant takeover Kabul by Taliban shocked World. China was only country that responded this shift with calm cautiousness. China’s calmness over major on regional level has raised several questions regarding its policy approach towards Afghanistan under rule. As a hard-headed worldwide player as well competitor States, mu...