This study was designed to compare the responsiveness of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol secretion to corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the morning and early evening in normal human subjects. Synthetic ovine CRF (1.0 micrograms/kg) or normal saline, was administered as an i.v. bolus injection to six normal males at 900 h and 1700 h. Blood samples were obtained before and 15, 30, 6...

The purpose of the present study was to administer an acute dose of the dual dopamine norepinephrine reuptake blocker bupropion in freely moving rats and to monitor the extracellular neurotransmitter concentrations in the hippocampus via in vivo microdialysis and the peripheral hormonal concentrations via catheterization. A microdialysis probe was inserted in the hippocampus, and samples for se...

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a selective serotonin/noradrenaline (5-HT/NA) reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) on exercise performance. Seven well-trained male cyclists completed 2 time trials in a doubleblind randomized crossover design ingesting either placebo (PLAC) or 2 37.5 mg of Venlafaxine (VEN). Blood samples were collected for adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH),...

Basal plasma levels of corticosterone increased gradually during the second half of incubation, reaching a peak around the time of hatching. Stress resulted in a very significant elevation of corticosterone above the basal level in embryos 16 days or older, but not in younger embryos. Newly hatched chicks did not respond to stress, but a typical stress response was evident one week after hatchi...

Throughout the second and third trimesters, the human placenta (and the placenta in other anthropoid primates) produces substantial quantities of corticotropin-releasing hormone (placental CRH), most of which is secreted into the maternal bloodstream. During pregnancy, CRH concentrations rise over 1000-fold. The advantages that led selection to favour placental CRH production and secretion are ...

Behaviorally subordinate female common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) undergo suppression of ovulation and chronic reductions in basal plasma cortisol concentrations. Indirect evidence suggests that hypophyseal chorionic gonadotropin (CG; the major pituitary luteinizing gonadotropin in marmosets) may elevate cortisol concentrations in female marmosets, and therefore that social suppression of C...

In adrenocortical cells, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) promotes the activation of several protein kinases. The action of these kinases is linked to steroid production, mainly through steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), whose expression and activity are dependent on protein phosphorylation events at genomic and non-genomic levels. Hormone-dependent mitochondrial dynamics and cell prolife...

Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APs) type 2 is characterized by the presence of Addison's disease, in association with autoimmune thyroid disease and/or type 1 diabetes mellitus and is rare in children. A 12.5 yr old prepubertal boy presented with symptoms related to Addison's disease and a large goiter. He was euthyroid with positive thyroid antibodies, low cortisol, aldosterone and very hi...

We have previously reported that inescapable tail shock (IS) produces persistent changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function. These changes are manifest as an elevation in basal corticosterone (CORT) levels, a sensitization of adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) and CORT responses to subsequent challenge, and a failure of dexamethasone to suppress both the ACTH and CORT respons...

OBJECTIVES Pilots are exposed to the "stress of flight" and the chronically activated stress response may play an important role in circulatory system disease progression. We studied the effect of an experimental mental stress on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activity, in Air Force Academy cadets, before and after one month intensive course. DESIGN Nine cadets were submitted to a psychome...