The distribution pattern of nerves immunoreactive to neuronal factors typical for sensory neurons, such as substance P (SP), calcitonin gene – related peptide (CGRP), somatostatin (SOM), galanin (GAL) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS), used here as the marker of nitrergic neurons was studied by single immunofluorescence technique in various parts of the porcine adrenal gland i.e. subcapsular regi...

Reward system can be considered the center of our body-mind equilibrium: we have medial reward, leading life, reproduction, needs, and willings; if this is not adequatly satisfied, dopamine is converted by dopa-beta-hydroxilase into catecolamines, and habenula regulates the balance so that lateral reward risk to become prevalent, with activation of HPA axis (hypothalamus-pituitary gland-adrenal...

Background Among the infertility disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common, affecting approximately 4 million women in the U.S. and more than 100 million women worldwide.1 PCOS is characterized by both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions with familial clustering.2 From a reproductive perspective, PCOS is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by hyperandrogenism ...

UNLABELLED Resistant hypertension is often difficult to treat and may be associated with underlying primary aldosteronism (PA). We describe the case of an elderly gentleman who presented with severe and resistant hypertension and was found to have a left adrenal incidentaloma during evaluation but had aldosterone excess secondary to unilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UAH) of the contralateral glan...

In order to determine whether or not alpha-adrenoceptors are present in adrenal glands, radioligand receptor binding assay was performed in both Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat and human adrenal gland membranes. Radioligand binding assay using 3H-prazosin as an alpha 1-adrenoceptor ligand and 3H-yohimbine as an alpha 2-adrenoceptor ligand, clearly demonstrated alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors present in b...

OBJECTIVE We report a case of an adrenal collision tumor composed of a small cell lung carcinoma metastasis and a benign adrenal adenoma identified preoperatively on FDG-PET, CT and MRI and confirmed pathologically. METHODS The patient's history, preoperative imaging characteristics, postoperative course, and histopathology are described. A review of the literature addressing adrenal collisio...

Angiosarcoma of the adrenal gland is an extremely rare malignancy. We report a case of a 59-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain and profound anemia. A 7 cm enhancing, lipid-poor adrenal mass with calcifications that extended posterior to the vena cava was identified on imaging. Patient underwent right adrenalectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Pathology demonstrated...

PATIENTS with hypertension may exhibit clinical signs and biochemical abnorm,alities which point to an adrenal lesion as the underlying cause. The presence of episodic hypertension, Cushing's syndrome, elevated urine vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrine, or persistent hypokalemia is an important finding that suggests an adrenal lesion. Ultimately, the actual demonstration of the lesion, local...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Surgical resection of isolated adrenal metastasis in primary lung cancer is associated with improved survival. We report a combined robotic lobectomy and adrenalectomy for resection of a primary lung cancer and metastasis to the adrenal gland. METHODS A 69-year-old male with a significant smoking history and shortness of breath was found to have a 3-cm left upper lob...

Cysts of the adrenal gland are uncommon. We report a case of symptomatic pseudocyst of adrenal gland in an adult male, which was excised through retropertoneoscopic route. Surgery was uneventful and patient returned to pre-operative activity within seven days of operation. At ten months of follow up patient is asymptomatic and doing well.