objective: in the present study, we examined the effects of memantine administration within the nucleus accumbens on the alterations in brain and adrenal volumes and weight ratios induced by stress from electric foot shock. methods: a group of mice received various doses of memantine (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg) prior to induction of stress. another group underwent intra-accumbal cannulation after an...

21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-ohd) caused congenital adrenal hyperplasia (cah) is a group of autosomal recessive genetic disorders resulting from mutations in genes involved with cortisol (co) synthesis in the adrenal glands. testicular adrenal rest tumors (tarts) are rarely the presenting symptoms of cah. here, we describe a case of simple virilizing cah with tarts, in a 15-year-old boy. the p...

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a potent neurotrophic factor for several populations of CNS and peripheral neurons. Synthesis and storage of GDNF by the neuron-like adrenal medullary cells suggest roles in adrenal functions and/or in the maintenance of spinal cord neurons that innervate the adrenal medulla. We show that unilateral adrenomedullectomy causes degeneration of ...

Glucocorticosteroids are a product of the adrenal cortex and perform a staggering number of physiological effects essential for life. Their clinical use is largely predicated on their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, but they also have notable efficacy in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting. This article reviews the basic functions of glucocorticoids and thei...

primary adrenal lymphoma is extremely rare. we report a case with primary bilateral adrenal lym-phoma in a young male patient. he presented with abdominal pain and weight loss. pathologic study revealed malignant lymphoma, diffuse large cell type (t- cell origin). patient recieved combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy but 22 months after diagnosis died because of progression of dis ease

testosterone enanthate (te) is used by many athletes as a muscle builder. previous studies showed that high concentration of the drug in plasma may affect the natural function of endocrine glands, specially the secretion of the adrenocortical hormones. the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of high concentration of te on histometrical structure of adrenal cortex in male r...

the prevalence of mental health disorders continues to rise worldwide, such that it is estimated that 1in 4 individuals will be affected by a mental health disorder at some point in their lifetime. research has found that the most prevalent mental health disorders are depressive disorder. depression is a common condition, particularly within the aging population. the development of depression, ...

The adrenal gland of the rat is continuously regenerated through proliferation of a stem cell population in the outer part of the gland. To clarify the location of proliferative events within the adrenal gland, and the factors that stimulate them, rat adrenal capsule preparations, consisting of capsule, zona glomerulosa (ZG) and the outer zona fasciculata (ZF) were maintained in vitro under dif...

Adrenal Function in Patients Receiving Rifampin-Based Anti-Tuberculosis Regimens: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

Background Many persistent chemicals which are abundant in nature accumulate through food webs and are transferred to the offspring of pregnant females through the placenta and mother’s milk. Some of these chemicals can adversely affect neurodevelopment, the immune system or act as endocrine disruptors. Effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) ...