A 36 year old woman presented with a subacute brainstem syndrome. MRI showed a solitary, gadolinium enhancing brainstem mass, which on biopsy showed perivenous inflammation and demyelination compatible with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

A 5 year old boy and a 10 year old girl presented with acute onset of psychotic disorder, which occurred one week after an upper respiratory infection. MRI images of brain were consistent with the diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in both cases. ADEM is one of the differential diagnoses to be considered when acute psychotic disorder occurs during childhood.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric inflammatory demyelinating central nervous system diseases comprise monofocal and potentially monophasic disorders like optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, the multifocal, self-limiting disorder of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and multifocal chronic diseases like relapsing neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis. This review discusses characteristics...

Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE) is a rare demyelinating disease characterized by an acute rapidly progressive fulminant inflammation of the white matter. In this case report, we introduce a case of AHLE in children with an interesting and lengthy process and successful treatment.A previously healthy 13-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of fever and loss of consciousn...