Two-part formation of the Solar System Measurements meteorites have shown that inner and outer formed from two distinct reservoirs material. Existing models proposed these were split by Jupiter forming first, which would open a gap in protoplanetary disc. Lichtenberg et al. instead argue snow line, boundary between regions containing water vapor solid ice, migrated first outward then inward, se...

A small-size gasification unit is improved through process optimization to simulate industrial United Gas Improvement Company gasification. It finds that the reaction temperature has important impacts on semicoke catalyzed methane gas mixture. The addition of water vapor can enhance the catalytic activity of reforming, which is due to the fact that addition of water vapor not only removes carbo...

This paper describes a steady state model of a multiple effect evaporator system for simulation and control purposes. The model includes overall as well as component mass balance equations, energy balance equations and heat transfer rate equations for area calculations for all the effects. Each effect in the process is represented by a number of variables which are related by the energy and mat...

An in situ investigation of thermal decomposition reactions of trimethylindium (TMIn) in a vertical, upflow chemical vapor deposition reactor has been carried out using Raman spectroscopy. Monomethylindium (MMIn) and atomic indium were detected along with the precursor TMIn using N2 as the carrier gas. Atomic indium was identified by the peak at 2215 cm, which is equal to the difference between...

We present the results of a detailed study of the Virtual Interface (VI) paradigm as a communication foundation for a distributed computing environment. Using Active Messages and the Split-C global memory model, we analyze the inherent costs of using VI primitives to implement these highlevel communication abstractions. We demonstrate a minimum mapping cost (i.e. the host processing required to...

We demonstrate two techniques for studying the features of three-level systems driven by two lasers (called control and probe), when the transitions are Doppler broadened as in room-temperature vapor. For Λ-type systems, the probe laser is split to produce a counter-propagating pump beam that saturates the transition for the zero-velocity atoms. Probe transmission then shows Doppler-free peaks ...

The production and consumption of natural gas is on the rise throughout the world as a result of its wide availability, ease of transportation, use and clean-burning characteristics. The chief use of ethane is in the chemical industry in the production of Ethene (ethylene) by steam cracking. In this simulation, obtained ethane recovery percent based on Gas sub-cooled process (GSP) is 99.9 by mo...

A new model for the vapor phase of a pressurized liquid called "the cluster model: which is originally introduced in this work, along with an accurate equation of state for the liquid phase called the LIR, is used to derive an accurate equation for the vapor pressure of liquid as a function of external pressure. The chemical Potential of both phase have been found to be in good agreement wi...

−− The aim of this work is to simulate and analyze an extractive distillation process (extractive distillation and recovery columns) for the separation of Tetrahydrofuran (THF)-Water azeotropic mixture using Aspen Plus® and Aspen Split simulators. Calculation of vapor liquid equilibrium of Tetrahydrofuran–Water–Entrainer system was done using the NRTL model, which binary interaction parameters ...

We present terahertz (THz) detectors based on top-gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) with integrated split bow-tie antennas. The GFETs were fabricated using graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The THz detectors are capable of room-temperature rectification of a 0.6 THz signal and achieve a maximum optical responsivity better than 14 V/W and minimum optical noise-equi...