BACKGROUND Streptococcus pneumoniae is the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. AIM To describe baseline characteristics, risk factors and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalized with pneumococcal pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Prospective study of adult patients admitted for a community acquired pneumonia in a clinical hospital. Immune deficient patients and thos...

background: chlamydia trachomatis is considered as an important cause of preventable sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. it is known to be of an obligate intracellular nature and enters its target cells via an endocytic process. as major outer membrane protein (momp) is one of the main candidates for the attachment and entry of chlamydia to the host cells we have tried to label the epitope...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‑related deaths worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have demonstrated marked clinical activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, in most cases, patients develop acquired resistance to ...

this study was conducted to optimize a highly efficient mrna transfection into dendritic cells (dc) derived from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) patients. applying an electroporation technique, in vitro synthesized green fluorescent protein (gfp) mrna was transfected as an indicator into the dcs derived from a healthy donor. flow cytometry revealed 84.9% transfection efficiency for dc...

BACKGROUND The cause of past plague pandemics was controversial but several research teams used PCR techniques and dental pulp as the primary material to reveal that they were caused by Yersinia pestis. However, the degradation of DNA limits the ability to detect ancient infections. METHODS We used for the first time immuno-PCR to detect Yersinia pestis antigens; it can detect protein concent...

Similarities in the immunobiology of different parasitic worm infections indicate that co-evolution of humans and helminths has shaped a common anti-helminth immune response. However, recent in vitro and immuno-epidemiological studies highlight fundamental differences and plasticity within host-helminth interactions. The 'trade-off' between immunity and immunopathology inherent in host immune r...