In multihop wireless networks, hop-by-hop reliability is generally achieved through positive acknowledgments at the MAC layer. However, positive acknowledgments introduce significant energy inefficiencies on battery-constrained devices. This inefficiency becomes particularly significant on high error rate channels. We propose to reduce the energy consumption during retransmissions using a novel...

This paper describes the design and implementation of a multicast transport protocol called RMTP. RMTP provides sequenced, lossless delivery of bulk data from one sender to a group of receivers. RMTP achieves reliability by using a packet based selective repeat retransmission scheme, in which each acknowledgment (ACK) packet carries a sequence number and a bitmap. ACK handling is based on a mul...

In this paper, we propose the M-TCP algorithm for heterogeneous wired/wireless networks. The algorithm is a modification of M-TCP that was proposed for deployment in mobile cellular networks. It is recommended that Internet hosts enable the delayed acknowledgement (delayed ACK) option to maximize network bandwidth by reducing the number of ACKs sent to a TCP sender by a TCP receiver. The M-TCP ...

In this paper, we study a K-user fading multiple access channel (F-MAC), with and without an eavesdropper (Eve). In the system without Eve, we assume that each user knows only its own channel gain and is completely ignorant about the other users’ channel state. The legitimate receiver sends a short acknowledgement message Acknowledge (ACK) if the message is correctly decoded and a No Acknowledg...

Since a radio channel is shared among terminals in an ad hoc network, packet collisions are frequent. In case of transmitting packets especially using TCP, data and ACK packets are transmitted in opposite directions on the same radio channel. Therefore, frequent collisions are unavoidable, and this seriously degrades TCP throughput. It is possible to transmit to two or more nodes which adjoin f...

Ack family non-receptor tyrosine kinases are unique with regard to their domain composition and regulatory properties. Human Ack1 (activated Cdc42-associated kinase) is ubiquitously expressed and is activated by signals that include growth factors and integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Stimulation leads to Ack1 autophosphorylation and to phosphorylation of additional residues in the C-terminus. T...

Expression of foreign proteins in E. coli is normally inhibited by exogenous production of acetate. To overcomethis problem, various strategies have been proposed and tested to reduce the extent of acetate accumulation.Although these strategies can improve the outcome, the implementation of their proposed techniquesis not practical. Because to achieve optimal results, it requi...