To protect against dengue viral infection, a novel lipidated dengue subunit vaccine was rationally designed to contain the consensus amino acid sequences derived from four serotypes of dengue viruses. We found that the lipidated consensus dengue virus envelope protein domain III (LcED III) is capable of activating antigen-presenting cells and enhancing cellular and humoral immune responses. A s...

We evaluated the mechanism by which neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies inhibit chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Potently neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) blocked infection at multiple steps of the virus life cycle, including entry and release. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of Fab fragments of two human NAbs and chikungunya virus-like particles showed a binding footprint that spann...

We have selected ligands for Puumala hantavirus, the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica, from a seven-amino-acid peptide library flanked by cysteines and displayed on a filamentous phage. To direct the selection to areas on the virus particle which are essential for infection, phages were competitively eluted with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for the viral glycoproteins. T...

Vitamin C plays an important role in neutralizing toxic free radicals formed during oxidative metabolism or UV exposure of human skin. This study was performed to investigate the mechanisms that regulate the homoeostasis of vitamin C in HaCaT cells by identifying the events involved in the transport and in the reduction of dehydroascorbic acid. Dehydroascorbic acid accumulated to a greater exte...

Shankha Bhasma is a popular Ayurvedic formulation which is used in hyperacidity, indigestion, ulcerative dyspepsia and other acid peptic disorders. The dosage uniformity and patient compliance can be increased and adultration can be decreased in ayurvedic powders by formulating them into tablets. The aim of the present work is to develop and evaluate Shankha Bhasma tablets using starch and acac...

All HIV-1-infected individuals develop strain-specific neutralizing antibodies to their infecting virus, which in some cases mature into broadly neutralizing antibodies. Defining the epitopes of strain-specific antibodies that overlap conserved sites of vulnerability might provide mechanistic insights into how broadly neutralizing antibodies arise. We previously described an HIV-1 clade C-infec...

The efficacy of different refining stages on physicochemical parameters, heavy metal, and mineral contents sesame oil were investigated. from (crude oil, neutralization, bleaching, deodorization, stages) was taken the local factory in Yazd, Iran. fatty acid composition samples determined by GC-FID. oxidation indexes including peroxide value, p-Anisidine, free acid, TOTOX, total polar material, ...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) urease generates both ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from urea. NH3 helps H. to survive in the stomach part by neutralizing gastric acid. However, relationship between CO2 is not completed cleared. We examined effect of generated on multiplication using isogenic ureB mutant complemented strain JP26. Wild-type survived medium supplement with 1mM urea room ...

The aim of this study was to develop a new and rapid sample digestion procedure for metal extraction using ultrasonic energy together with combination an ionic liquid mineral acids as extractants. A fixed mass sediment (about 0.50 g) extracted low volumes NaHCO3, HCl, HNO3, HF the Bmim[BF4]. Afterwards, mixture sonicated 20 min. After neutralizing hydrofluoric acid excess, extracts were filtere...