TO THE EDITOR: Nguyen et al. (4) report “the first quantitative approach that can predict the equilibrium [H ] based on the partitioning of H buffering among the different buffer pairs in solution.” To claim no previous method could calculate final equilibrium concentrations from starting preequilibrium concentrations is incorrect, since the ability to perform such calculations was achieved ove...

Ureagenesis in the liver consumes up to 1,000 mmol of HCO3-/day in humans as a result of 2NH4+ + 2HCO3- --> urea + CO2 + 3H2O. Whether the liver contributes to the regulation of acid-base equilibrium by controlling the rate of ureagenesis and, therefore, HCO3- consumption in response to changes in plasma acidity has not been adequately evaluated in humans. Rates of ureagenesis were measured in ...

Acid-base disorders are common clinical problems resulting from a wide variety of pathophysiological conditions, including newly recognised acquired and genetic causes. The history and physical examination and measurement of blood and urinary indices allow identification of the underlying cause of these disorders in most cases. Treatment directed at correction of electrolyte abnormalities and t...

Ionic liquids consisting of a phosphonium cationic moiety and a saccharinate anion are synthesized and compared with their precursors, phosphonium chlorides, in reference to their extraction efficiency towards L-lactic acid. On the base of measurements of the acid and the water partitioning in the equilibrium biphasic systems, the molar ratios between acid, water and ionic liquid are estimated ...

In the 17th century the notion of nutrition and diet changed in northern European countries. First chemical experiments fostered the idea that salts resulted from a union of acids and bases. Digestion was no more regarded as a process of cooking but a succession of fermentations controlled by a balanced production of acids and alkali. Life seemed to depend on the equilibrium of acids and alkali...

According tó the literature there is ho doubt about the structure of nicotinic acid in mineral acid or alkali hydroxide solutions. However, rather controversial opinions on the structure of the substance can be found in the literature when the state at the isoelectric point is considered. Structure J [1], II [2—4] or an equilibrium mixture [5] have been assigned to nicotinic acid at the isoelec...

Ž Ž . . Ž Ž .y. Dissolved boron in seawater occurs mainly in the form of boric acid B OH and borate B OH . While the 3 4 equilibrium properties of the dissociation of boric acid have been studied in detail, very little work has focused on the kinetics of the boric acid–borate equilibrium in seawater. Here, we present a theoretical study of the relaxation of the w Ž . seawater borate–carbonate s...

A stable numerical solution to the unsolved problem of nonequilibrium growth/evaporation at long time step of multiple dissociating acids (e.g., nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, etc.) and a base (ammonia) is discussed. The solution eliminates most oscillatory behavior observed in previous solutions at long time step. The solution is applicable across the entire rela...

In this paper there are reported studies of the acid-base equilibrium in systems containing gluten suspended in solution of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. The studies have involved measurements of the hydrogen ion concentration, of the electrical conductivity, and of the solution of the proteins. Further, measurements have been made of the swelling and of the viscosity of the gluten co...

OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study was designed to examine the effects of the Valsalva Maneuver (VM) and its duration on the acid- base equilibrium of the neonate and its maternal repercussions during the expulsive stage of labor, after standard breathing and pushing instructions were given. METHODS A convenience sample of women with low risk pregnancy (n=33; mean age 22.5±3.7 y and gestat...