If an admittance control law is properly designed, a workpiece can be guided into a fixture using only the contact forces for guidance (force-assembly). Previously, we have shown that: 1) a space of accommodation control laws that will ensure force-assembly without friction always exists, and 2) as friction is increased, a control law that allows force-assembly can be obtained as long as the fo...

This paper presents a model of intelligence based on principles introduced by Piaget and the interactivist framework. It focuses on embodiment and sensory-motor aspects of the mind but copes with general issues such as regulation, accommodation to noise and variability or synchronization of the agent internal dynamics with the environment. The proposed evolutionary and constructivist theory is ...

Van der Sandt’s algorithm for handling presupposition is based on a “presupposition as anaphora” paradigm and is expressed in the realm of Kamp’s DRT. In recent years, we have proposed a typetheoretic rebuilding of DRT that allows Montague’s semantics to be combined with discourse dynamics. Here we explore van der Sandt’s theory along the line of this formal framework. It then results that pres...

BACKGROUND According to the Helmholtz theory of accommodation the loss of accommodation amplitude is caused by the growing sclerosis of the crystalline lens, whereas the ciliary muscle and the lens capsule are mainly uneffected by age. A permanent treatment method for presbyopia which offers a dynamic accommodation ability is a recent field of study. The concept followed in this paper uses femt...

There has been no comprehensive study involving each of the primary dynamic components of accommodation in the same cohort as related to age and presbyopic onset; furthermore, the current findings are equivocal. Dynamic monocular components of accommodation (latency, time constant, peak velocity/amplitude relationship, and microfluctuations) were assessed objectively using an infrared optometer...

Twenty-three cynomolgus monkeys underwent 360-degree disinsertion and retrodisplacement of the ciliary muscle in one eye. Ten to 12 weeks after unilateral disinsertion, resting refraction in the "disinserted" eyes was more hyperopic than in the opposite eyes by 1.12 +/- 0.21 (mean +/- S.E.M.) diopters (p less than 0.001). Accomodative responses to intramuscular pilocarpine (2 or 3 mg/kg) were 0...

PURPOSE To measure the changes in astigmatism and in the degree of anisometropia when ametropes respond to accommodative stimulation. METHODS The accommodative responses of ametropes were binocularly measured with an improved photorefractometer (PR-1100), which objectively measured binocular refraction in all meridians simultaneously, when a visual fixation target was shown in natural space a...

The dynamics of Edinger-Westphal (EW) stimulated accommodation were studied in two young rhesus monkeys to understand the relationships between accommodative amplitude and rates of accommodation and disaccommodation. Accommodative responses were recorded with infrared photorefraction at five different amplitudes spanning the full EW stimulated accommodative range available to each eye. Combined...

We have studied natural accommodation in the eye of six specimens of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) as they were fed with fish and shrimp. Using infrared photoretinoscopy, we observed (1) that the resting refractive state of the cuttlefish was emmetropic or slightly hyperopic, (2) that accommodation took place only a fraction of a second before a strike and (3) that accommodation focused select...

Inconsistent terminology and variation in service models have made synthesis of the supported accommodation literature challenging. To overcome this, we developed a brief, categorical taxonomy that aimed to capture the defining features of different supported accommodation models: the simple taxonomy for supported accommodation (STAX-SA). Data from a previous review of existing classification s...