Biomedical research budgets are frozen or falling in developed countries. Can expansion in developing nations continue as economic contagion spreads?

This paper provides the first estimates of overall CPI bias prior to the 1970s and new estimates of bias since the 1970s. It finds that annual CPI bias was 0.1 percent between 1888 and 1919 and rose to 0.7 percent between 1919 and 1935. Annual CPI bias was 0.4 percent in the 1960s and then rose to 2.7 percent between 1972 and 1982 before falling to 0.6 percent between 1982 and 1994. The finding...

Ingvar Johansson has argued that there are not only determinate universals, but also determinable ones. I here argue that this view is misguided, by reviving a line of argument to the following effect: what makes determinates falling under a same determinable similar cannot be distinct from what makes them different. If true, then some similarities — imperfect similarities between simple determ...

PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of BodyBalance(®) training on balance, functional task performance, fear of falling, and health-related quality of life in adults aged over 55 years. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 28 healthy, active adults aged 66±5 years completed the randomized controlled trial. Balance, functional task performance, fear of falling, and self-...

Walking performance changes with age. This has implications for the problem of falls in older adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Yuanji-Dance practice on walking balance and the associated attention demand in healthy elderly. Fifteen community-dwelling elderly (comparison group, no regular exercise habit) and fifteen Yuanji- Dance elderly (exercise group, dancing ex...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this correspondence article is to report opinion amongst experts in the delirium field as to why, despite on-going training for all health professionals, delirium continues to be under recognised. Consensus was obtained by means of two conference workshops and an online survey of members of the European Delirium Association.Major barriers to recognition at an individua...

Food security and insecurity are terms used to describe whether or not people have access to sufficient quality and quantity of food. They are affected by factors such as poverty, health, food production, political stability, infrastructure, access to markets, and natural hazards. Improved food security is important for global reduction of hunger and poverty, and for economic development. One a...

THE STABILITY OF CATTLE RHODOPSIN AND OF ITS PROTEIN MOIETY OPSIN TOWARD ACIDS AND ALKALIES AND ON AGING WAS DETERMINED BY TWO CRITERIA: maintenance of absorption spectrum, and capacity to regenerate after exposure to light. On storage at 3 degrees C. at pH near neutrality, the absorption spectrum in the visible region may remain unchanged for as long as 6 months; but the regenerability progres...

Ameasure of good and bad is internal to something falling under it when that thing falls under the measure in virtue of what it is. The concept of an internal standard has broad application. Compare the external breed standards arbitrarily imposed at a dog show with the internal standards of health at work in the veterinarian’s office. This paper is about practical standards, measures of acting...

STUDY QUESTION Are fall prevention exercise interventions for older people living in the community effective in preventing different types of fall related injuries? SUMMARY ANSWER Exercise programmes designed to prevent falls in older adults seem also to prevent injuries caused by falls, including the most severe injuries. Such programmes also reduce the rate of falls leading to medical care.