A common contention is that the construction of highway bypasses negatively impacts the economy of local communities by reducing pass-by traffic for businesses. However, as access to specific business account records is limited, this is difficult to quantify. Another common contention is that a reduction in crashes will be achieved. The actual impact of highway bypasses in the United States has...

Pavement distresses (damages) are important information for evaluating the road condition and conducting the necessary road maintenance activities. Conventional human visual pavement distress detection method is time consuming, very expensive, labour-intensive and dangerous due to exposure to traffic. Numbers of methods have been introduced for road damage detection in the context of fine struc...

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), a subset of Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs), refer to a set of smart vehicles used on the road. These vehicles provide communication services among one another or with Road Side Infrastructure (RSU) based on wireless Local Area Network (LAN) technologies. The main benefits of VANETs are that they enhance road safety and vehicle security while protecting drive...

injuries caused by traffic accidents cause many deaths and disabilities children. road traffic injuries are the main cause of death between the ages of 15 and 19 years and is the second cause of death among 5 to 14 year olds. children's attitudes about driving and safe use of roads formed in 11 years. road traffic injuries is one of the five cause of disability among children. most victims...

This paper discusses the results of an investigation into ways in which the safety risks of travel on road and rail interact with each other in Great Britain, other than through physical contact such as at level crossings. The two main foci of the paper are: (1) an analysis of the 'whole journey' risks of journeys for which the national rail system is the main mode, but which also include stage...

lead as non-essential metal, is known the source of toxicity and impacts on the environment and humans. the goal of recent paper is to determine the pb concentration of road and road margin dust of ghamishlu wildlife refuge in isfahan province with an area about 120,000 hectares surrounded by four main roads. traffic load in the southern freeway have been reported as about 3600-19000 cars/day. ...

The main objective of this study is to estimate a part of road traffic injury costs including costs due to fatality and disability, which are related to lost social products. Lost output consists of costs, which are related to losses of national product or lost-income in death, hospitalization or physical disabilities. In recent years, the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) has been used as...