In this study, the deceleration model and the sensitivity term were developed by considering actual driving behaviors to prevent rear end collisions in the car-following situations, especially in deceleration situations. Test vehicles capable of measuring the speed, acceleration, and spacing between the vehicles were used to collect data in the field survey. The deceleration model developed by ...

the spontaneous generation of inertia–gravity waves (igws) in the idealized simulation of vortical flows is investigated using the isentropic two-layer model on a sphere. the contour-advective semi-lagrangian (casl) algorithm is applied to solve the primitive equations using the potential vorticity (pv), velocity divergence, and acceleration divergence as the prognostic variables. the casl algo...

Drivers adopt nearly constant deceleration rates when intending to stop at a distant target. In driving simulators however we often observe different control strategies. Depending on simulator fidelity, deceleration profiles range from saw-tooths to multi-modal profiles to profiles that do resemble those seen in reality. These deviations from reality suggest that drivers have difficulty control...

In this paper, we discuss integrated vehicle slip ratio control under both deceleration and acceleration without the need for controller switching, and also propose a design method for such an integrated slip ratio controller. When a vehicle switches from acceleration to deceleration and vice versa, the slip ratio varies discontinuously. Here, the slip ratio is approximated to a continuous func...

Cervical acceleration/deceleration or whiplash injuries are a common cause of cervical spine trauma. Cervical acceleration/deceleration can result in vertebral fractures, subluxations, and ligamentous and other soft tissue injuries. Severe injuries are often evidenced by increased prevertebral swelling on lateral X-ray. Assessment of the prevertebral space on lateral cervical spine films is an ...

The study of jaw movement in humans is a primary source of information about the relationship between voluntary movement and more primitive motor functions. This study focused on the geometric form of the velocity function, as measured by linear voltage displacement transducer. Movement amplitudes, maximum velocities and durations were greater in mastication than in speech. Nevertheless, there ...