BACKGROUND The Public Health Service (PHS) Guideline for Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence (Fiore et al. 2000) recommends supporting autonomy and perceived competence to facilitate tobacco abstinence. PURPOSE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intensive tobacco-dependence intervention based on self-determination theory (SDT) and intended to support autonomy and per...

Bottom LinE Three studies showed significantly higher abstinence rates in a physically active group versus a control group at the end of treatment. One of these studies also showed a significant benefit for exercise versus control on abstinence at the 3-month follow-up and a benefit for exercise of borderline significance (P = 0.05) at the 12-month follow-up. One study showed significantly high...

This case describes the clinical course of a cannabis-dependent individual entering a 12-week abstinence-based research program. The case illustrates the effects of chronic, heavy cannabis use on executive functions at three time points: 1) 24 hours of abstinence; 2) 4 weeks of abstinence; and 3) 12 weeks of abstinence. It is followed by discussions by two clinical psychologists and a psychiatr...

Social support types (abstinence, appraisal, belonging, tangible) were analyzed among a sample of women with criminal justice involvement and substance use disorders (n = 200). Hierarchical linear regression was conducted to examine social support types in relation to changes in abstinence self-efficacy while controlling for incarceration histories. Only abstinence social support and tangible s...

A sample of 200 patients who had been treated for alcoholism in a multimodal inpatient program that used aversion therapy as a treatment component was selected for outcome evaluation. One hundred sixty (80%) were located. A minimum of 13 months had elapsed since treatment (mean 20.5 months) collateral reports were used to verify self-reports in 36% of the cases. Abstinence status was determined...

PURPOSE To examine the effectiveness of guided imagery for immediate smoking cessation and long-term abstinence in adult smokers. DESIGN A repeated measures design was used with 71 smokers recruited from a hospital outpatient clinic, 38 in the intervention group, and 33 in the control group. METHODS Both study groups received educational and counseling sessions in their homes. The intervent...

This study determined whether abstinence engendered by intermittent reinforcement might generalize to nonreinforced periods and enhance overall rates of cocaine abstinence among methadone maintenance patients. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups. The quantitative group (n = 14) earned incentives for a 50% decrease in urine benzoylecgonine concentrations; the qualitative group (n = 13)...

CONTEXT Available levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing the beta(2) subunit (beta(2)*-nAChR) are higher in recently abstinent tobacco smokers compared with participants who never smoked. Variations in beta(2)*-nAChR availability during the course of abstinence may be related to the urge to smoke, the extent of nicotine withdrawal, and successful abstinence. OBJECTIVE To exami...

BACKGROUND Young people are becoming increasingly exposed to the risk of HIV infection. According to the 2008 HIV/Syphilis sentinel survey in Nigeria, 3.3% of young people aged 15-19 years are infected. Primary prevention especially abstinence, remains one of the most realistic interventions for reducing further spread of the virus. However, the adoption of sexual abstinence as a prevention str...

background & aim: understanding the relative effectiveness of different kinds of therapeutic methods on abstinence is very important, considering the fact that important variables such as self-efficacy beliefs in addicted adolescents, predicts the variance of marijuana and alcohol use up to 69 and 50 percent respectively. this study was aimed to compare the effectiveness of two different therap...