As described in Part I, the supermarket simulation software “SuperSim” with its integrated refrigeration, building and HVAC system models, can be used to evaluate, compare and optimize alternative supermarket refrigeration systems. In Part II the model was used to evaluate and compare the performance of a CO2 booster refrigeration system with that of a conventional R404A multiplex system in a s...

The most critical problem in the world is to meet the energy demand, because of steadily increasing energy consumption. Refrigeration systems` electricity consumption has big portion in overall consumption. Therefore, considerable attention has been given to refrigeration capacity modulation system in order to decrease electricity consumption of these systems. Capacity modulation is used to mee...

In recent years, with the increase awareness towards environmental degradation due to the production, use and disposal of ChloroFluoro Carbons (CFCs) and Hydro Chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) as heat carrier fluids in conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems has become a subject of great concern and resulted in extensive research into development of novel refrigeration and space cond...

The paper deals with the topic of refrigerants, their historical evolution, applied legislation and trends in maritime affairs. Regarding Environmental care considers impact refrigerants refrigeration systems, both on stationary plants land board. New regulations European Union, IMO organization, require reduction complete abolition harmful synthetic introduction new that will have a significan...

An adsorption system driven by solar heat or waste heat can help to eliminate the use of ozone depletion substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). In recent years, adsorption system has witnessed an increasing interest in many fields due to the fact that this system is quiet, long lasting, cheap to maintain and environmentally benign. Although adsorpt...

Defrosting in supermarket refrigeration systems is normally controlled by a preset time cycle with most display cabinets timed to defrost every 6 hours. It is widely acknowledged that timed defrost may cause a number of unnecessary defrost cycles and this reduces the energy efficiency of refrigeration systems as well as the accuracy of temperature control of the cases. This paper investigates t...