Committee in Charge 1996 i Acknowledgements I a m d eeply indebted to m y advisors, Karl Levitt a n d Manfred Ruschitzka. Without their help and guidance, I was not able to nish this work. Special thanks to Karl for his precious time a n d e n ergy, a n d h i s p a tience in teaching m e not only how t o perform research, but also how to write proposals, deal with sponsors, give presentations, ...