Learning processes allow the central nervous system to learn relationships between stimuli. Even stimuli from different modalities can easily be associated, and these associations can include the learning of mappings between observable parameters of the stimuli. The data structures and processing methods of the brain, however, remain very poorly understood. We investigate the ability of simple,...

Three experiments were carried out to examine the cues that are used in learning to read and spell new words. In a reading task (Experiment 1), even preschoolers who could not read simple real words were able to benefit from print-sound relationships that were based on letter names. They found it easier to learn that the made-up word TM was pronounced as 'team" (name condition) than that TM was...

Many fundamental processes in the natural and physical sciences exhibit substantial nonlinear relations among the component variables. Instructing students on how to identify parameters in models for such relations based on measured data, and providing a means to illustrate the impacts of specific components on the behavior of nonlinear relationships, is therefore a critical element of universi...

In this paper, an optimal control of quadratic performance index with nonlinear constrained is presented. The sine-cosine wavelet operational matrix of integration and product matrix are introduced and applied to reduce nonlinear differential equations to the nonlinear algebraic equations. Then, the Newton-Raphson method is used for solving these sets of algebraic equations. To present ability ...

In recent years, the artificial intelligence community has seen a continuous interest in research aimed at investigating dynamical aspects of both training procedures and machine learning models. Of particular among recurrent neural networks, we have Reservoir Computing (RC) paradigm characterized by conceptual simplicity fast scheme. Yet, guiding principles under which RC operates are only par...

In this paper a novel method is proposed for construction of an exponential observer for nonlinear system. The presented method is based on direct solution of dynamic error without any linearzing of nonlinear terms. Necessary and sufficient conditions for construction of direct observer are presented. Stability of the observer is checked using Lyapunov theorem. Also the ability of this observer...