achalasia is a primary motor disorder of the esophagus, in which esophageal emptying is impaired. diagnosis of achalasia is based on clinical findings and confirmed by radiologic, endoscopic and manometric evaluations. several treatments for achalasia have been introduced. we searched the pubmed database for original articles and meta-analyses about achalasia to summarize the current knowledge ...

Achalasia is a primary esophageal motor disorder of unknown etiology characterized by insufficient lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation in response to deglution. We present the case of a child diagnosed with asthma, with no response to asthma treatment. On account of associating dysphagia, regurgitation of food and weight loss he was given an abdominal ultrasound that revealed a massive ...

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease involving formation of noncaseating granulomas in any organ. In nearly 90% of sarcoidosis patients, a lesion is found in the lung and/or hilar lymph nodes [1]. Sarcoidosis involving the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is rare. It may occur in any region of the GI tract including the esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, and appendix, although the lesion occurs mo...

This report describes a complicated course of a 58-year-old patient with multicentric Barrett's carcinoma within a long-segment of Barrett metaplasia. After abdominal-thoracic resection of the cancer, with incomplete removal of the long-segment metaplastic lesion, invasive carcinoma was diagnosed in the remnant Barrett's segment. Endoscopic mucosal resection was done, but Barrett's mucosa was l...

A 50 year female presented with dysphagia for 2 months and retrosternal pain, drooling of saliva, nasal regurgitation, cough, breathlessness, hoarseness of voice, abdominal pain, vomiting, loss of weight or loss of appetite. Upper gastrointestinal ( revealed a web at 17 cm from incisors. abdomen which worsened during swallowing and breathing. Because of rapid development of these symptoms we su...

Abstract Background Esophageal cancer is an aggressive malignancy with high incidence of lymph node metastasis and recurrence rate even after neoadjuvant treatment radical resection. Previous study has shown that modified en bloc esophagectomy (mEBE) improves survival for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). In this study, we aim to investigate the pattern nCRT+mE...

Communication between the ovaries and central nervous system occurs by peripheral innervation through celiac plexus, superior ovarian nerve, plexus nerve. The vagus nerve is involved in regulating ovaries, but neuroanatomical pathway that links them not clear. Adult female rats were used for gross anatomy, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis of tyrosine hydroxylase ...

the liver is an organ at risk (oar) in radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors such as gastric, distal esophagus, lower lung and breast, bile duct, pancreas and whole abdomen. in this study the alteration in liver functional tests (lft) of these patients during radiotherapy was investigated. to that end, the level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast), alanine aminotransferase (alt), ...

a 4-month-old, intact male domestic short-hair cat was presented to veterinary hospital with an acuteonset of regurgitation and respiratory distress. thoracic and abdominal radiographs identified a massconsisted of a heterogeneous mixture of soft tissue and gas densities between heart and craniodorsal part of the diaphragm that was shifted to the left. the stomach could not be seen clearly. rad...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The gastroesophageal junction is an important barrier against gastroesophageal ref lux. Endoscopic grading of gastroesophageal f lap valve is simple, reproducible, and may predict reflux activity. We investigated the correlation between gastroesophageal flap valve grade and the gastroesophageal junction's structural properties using abdominal computed tomography. METHODS A tot...